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This paper presents a speed controller using a fuzzy-logic controller (FLC) for indirect field oriented control (IFOC) of induction motor (IM) drives fed by a four-switch three-phase (FSTP) inverter. In the proposed approach, the IM drive system is fed by FSTP inverter instead of the traditional six-switch three-phase (SSTP) inverter for a cost-effective low power applications. The proposed FLC improves dynamic responses and, it is also designed with reduced computation burden. The complete IFOC scheme incorporating the FLC for IM drives fed by the proposed FSTP inverter is built in Matlab/Simulink and, it is also experimentally implemented in real-time using a DSP-DS1103 control board for a prototype 1.1 kW IM. The dynamic performance, robustness, and insensitivity of the proposed FLC with FSTP inverter fed IM drive is examined and compared to a traditional PI controller under speed tracking, load disturbances, and parameters variation, particularly at low speeds. It is found that the proposed FLC is more robust than the PI controller under load disturbances, and parameters variation. Moreover, the proposed FSTP IM drive is comparable with a traditional SSTP IM drive, considering its good dynamic performance, cost reduction and low THD.

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Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia in men. Cetirizine, a second‐generation H1 blocker, is known for its anti‐inflammatory properties and its ability to decrease prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of topical cetirizine in male patients with AGA. Methods Two groups of 30 patients each (healthy males aged between 22 and 55 years) with different grades of AGA classified according to the Hamilton‐Norwood classification were recruited for this study. Group A subjects applied 1 mL of 1% topical cetirizine daily, while group B subjects served as controls and were instructed to apply 1 mL of a placebo solution for 6 months. Results Dermoscopic assessment revealed significantly higher hair regrowth among the cetirizine‐treated group (P < .001). The patients’ satisfaction was significantly higher among the cetirizine‐treated group (P < .001). Conclusion The current study highlights a potential role cetirizine might have in treating AGA. It should be noted that studies are lacking in this regard and more randomized and controlled trials are warranted in order to confirm or refute such early findings.

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