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The modeling and analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is one of the key challenges in complex system design as heterogeneous components are combined and their close interaction with the physical environment has to be considered. This article presents a methodology and an open toolset for the virtual prototyping of CPS. The focus of the methodology is the virtual prototyping of the embedded software combined with the prototyping of the physical environment in order to capture the complete closed control loop of the software over the hardware via sensors/actors with the physical objects. The methodology is based on the application of integrated open source tools and standard languages, i.e., C/C++, SystemC, and the Open Dynamics Engine, which are combined to a powerful simulation framework. Key activities of the methodology are outlined by the example of an electric two-wheel vehicle.

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A Novel and sustainable chitosan (CS)/ activated charcoal (AC) composites were prepared by cross linking with epichlorohydrine (ECH) to form a porous structure. Different titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8% w/w) were added to enhance the photocatalytic, antibacterial, larvicidal, and pupicidal activities e ciency toward rose bengal (RB) dye and the Culex Pipiens. The composites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The SEM images revealed the porous structure of CS/AC and TiO 2 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the CS/AC matrix. The degradation of RB dye was used to test the photocatalytic behavior of the composites. Supporting TiO 2 on a CS/AC matrix resulted in a signi cant increase in photocatalytic performance. The antibacterial activities supported by CS/AC/TiO 2 NPs were evaluated by bacterial growth inhibition against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The results showed that CS/AC/TiO2 NPs composite has an inhibitory effect and therefore considered as antibacterial agents. CS/AC/0.4%TiO 2 NPs showed maximum e cacy against larvicidal activity and pupicidal of mosquito vector which recorded 99.00 ± 1.14, 95.00 ± 1.43, 92.20 ± 2.64 for rst, second and third larval instars and 66.00 ± 2.39 for pupal mortality, while the repellent activity reported high protection at 82.95 ± 2.99 with 3.24 mg/cm 2 dose compared to control DEET.

Cobalt contamination in wastewater from industries has been increased in many countries including Egypt. Adsorption is the most progressively for heavy metals, removing from wastewater by using agricultural waste and by-products such as rice straw. Unmodified and modified rice straw has been evaluated as their ability to bind with metal ions. In this study, four characterizations of raw rice straw have been conducted. The morphological characteristics by SEM, EDXA, and the functional group present in the rice straw by FTIR spectroscopy and the XRD technique. Rice straw contains about AOH functional group that can bind with metal ions. To be able to enhance the sorption capacity of rice straw in metals, removing from waste water, alkali treatment should be done. This shows that rice straw can be used as adsorbent for removing cobalt ions from wastewater. The effect of pH, amount of adsorbent, different concentrations of cobalt, sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied in batch experiments. The good correlation coefficient was obtained from pseudo second-order kinetic model, which agreed with conception as the ratelimiting mechanism. Sorption isotherm test showed that equilibrium sorption data were better represented by Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters such as DH, DS, DG and E a are also calculated.

The adsorption process of methylene blue (MB) and its removal from aqueous solution at initial pollutant concentration range of 1–7 ppm was investigated. Zeolite-A (Z) and its ZnO-loaded species (Z/ZnO) were prepared via microwave technique from natural resource and applied for dye removal. The loading of ZnO was governed by the cation exchange property of zeolite, followed by calcination. Experimentally, Z and Z/ZnO were tested using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The examined parameters such as concentration of dye, contact time, ZnO dose and solution pH were traversed. Three isothermal models were analyzed. Kinetic studies indicated that, the adsorption of MB matched with pseudo-second order model. The maximum removal efficiency at pH 3, increased from 67.8% for Z to 94.8% for Z/ZnO modified with 3% ZnO loads (Z/ZnO(3%)). Parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, ΔG, S* and Ea were thermodynamically calculated. Langmiur isotherm and pseudo-second order models were the best fitting for the obtained data. The results indicated that, the adsorption of MB dye is spontaneous and endothermic, the removal efficiency is favored by increasing the temperature. ZnO-zeolite has much higher adsorption capacity for eliminating MB dye than that of the un-loaded zeolite.

Commercial Granulated Active Carbon (GAC) has been modified using 10 Gy dose Gamma irradiation (GAC10 Gy) for increasing its ability of air purification. Both, the raw and treated samples were applied for removing Chlorpyrifos pesticide (CPF) from ambient midair. Physicochemical properties of the two materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The phase formation and microstructure were monitored using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supported with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Surface area measurement was detected using BET particle size prosometry. Obtained outcomes showed that, the maximum adsorption capacity, given by Langmuir equations, was greatly increased from 172.712 to 272.480 mg/g for GAC and GAC10 Gy, respectively, with high selectivity. The overall removal efficiency of GAC10 Gy was notably comparable to that of the original GAC-sorbent. The present study indicated that, gamma irradiation could be a promising technique for treating GAC and turned it more active in eliminating the pesticides pollutants from surrounding air. The data of equilibrium has been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, that were considerably better suited for the investigated materials than other models. The process kinetics of CPF adsorbed onto both tested carbon versions were found to obey the pseudo first order at all concentrations with an exception at 70 mg/l using GAC, where, the spontaneous exothermic adsorption of Chlorpyrifos is a strong function for the pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo second order (PSO) kinetics.

Abstract. Safety-critical automotive systems must fulfill hard real-time constraints to guarantee their reliability and safety requirements. In the context of network-based electronics systems, high-level timing requirements have to be carefully mastered and traced throughout the whole development process. In this paper, we outline the management of scheduling-specific timing information by the application of a steerby-wire design example. We apply the principles of the AUTOSARcompliant Timing Augmented Description Language (TADL) following the methodology introduced by the TIMMO project [2]. Focus of the example will be the identification of end-to-end timing constraints and their refinement by means of stimuli-response event chains.