INTRODUCTION: Following the immediate implant placement, there is a gap called jumping space which increases the risk of implant failure. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic efficiency of platelet-rich fibrin membrane (PRF) combined with bone graft surrounding immediate implants in fresh extraction sockets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical and radiographic study was carried out on ten fresh extraction sockets with age range from 20 to 50 years. Sockets were occupied by immediate endosseous implant and grafted with allogenous bone graft and PRF. After placement all implants were evaluated clinically after 6 months (modified sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth and degree of mobility) and radiographically to evaluate marginal bone loss. RESULTS: There was less pain, edema, bleeding and probing depth in the study group than in the control group but the difference among them was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was significantly more bone density and less marginal bone loss in the study group than in the control group on the sixth postoperative month (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is clear that PRF is biocompatible and can improve both soft tissue healing and bone regeneration after immediate implant placement.

INTRODUCTION:Free palatal and sub-epithelial connective tissue grafts are the most commonly used grafts in periodontal plastic surgeries. The surgical technique of free palatal grafting requires harvesting of soft tissue from the palatal donor site and transplantation to an intraoral recipient one. Post-surgical complications and atypical healing processes have been described in the literature. In order to reduce the morbidity associated with mucogingival surgery, there are several ways to manage the donor site after soft tissue harvesting. Various topically applied formulas and hemostatic agents have been employed to manage post-operative healing at the donor site. OBJECTIVES: to assess the effects of Calendula based topical formula on palatal wound healing after free palatal graft surgery in comparison to oxidized regenerated cellulose. MATERIAL AND METHODS This randomized, controlled trial included twenty-four surgical sites for palatal graft procurement, divided equally into two groups, managed by the topical application of either a Calendula based formula (Group-I) or oxidized regenerated cellulose (Group-II). Palatal wound healing was assessed using photo-digital planimetry on the day of the surgery and; at seven and fourteen days, post-surgical. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) one, four and seven days post-surgical. RESULTS: The VAS score results showed no significant difference at days one, four and seven when comparing group I and II. For the percentages of remaining wound area, there was no significant difference in the percentages of remaining wound area. However, at day seven, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of remaining wound area in group II when compared to group I. Comparing the percentages of remaining wound area at day seven and fourteen in group I, there was a significant decrease of the percentages of remaining wound area at day fourteen. The same was found in group II. For group I, there was no significant difference between any of the recording periods. However, for group II, there was a significant decrease in the VAS scores between day one and seven, and also between day four and seven. CONCLUSION: Both materials were beneficial in improving palatal wound healing. However, oxidized regenerated cellulose exhibited better pain reduction following palatal graft procedures as reported by the study subjects when compared to the topical Calendula group

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease that affects large part of the population and is considered a relative contraindication to implant therapy. However, there are studies showing that the survival rate of implants in type-2 diabetic patients is approximately 90%, approaching that of non-diabetic patients. It is also shown that these results are strictly correlated with the importance of glycemic control to provide predictability of success rates and improve osseointegration of the implants inserted. There is no evidence whether controlled type-1 diabetes is or is not a risk factor for implant failure. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the success of implant overdenture in controlled type-1 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten completely edentulous well controlled type-1 and ten non-diabetic patients were selected and divided into group I and II respectively. All patients received three implant assisted mandibular overdentures through minimally invasive flapless technique. Clinical evaluation of implant stability was performed using Osstell ISQ immediately after implant placement (base line), four months and one year after prosthesis insertion. Level of alveolar bone loss around each abutment was also evaluated using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at the time of final prosthesis insertion (base line), four months and one year after insertion. RESULTS: Of the ten patients in the study group, two patients were lost yielding a success rate of 80 % in group I. Clinical results of implant stability test showed significant decrease in stability in the study group as compared to the control group, also radiographical results revealed significant increase in amount of average crestal bone loss in the diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, and based on the clinical level, the implant overdenture may be recognized as being predictable treatment option for controlled type-1 diabetic patients.

Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of Angelica sinensis, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, in conjunction with Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone graft in the management of induced critical sized class II furcation defects in adult healthy mongrel dogs. Materials and Methods: A randomized study design was conducted on the third and fourth premolars of six healthy mongrel dogs. A total of twenty-four class II furcation critical-sized defects were surgically created. After reflecting a fully-reflected mucoperiosteal flap, twelve defects were filled with Angelica sinensis powder mixed with Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), then collagen membranes were applied over the defects (experimental group). The other twelve defects were filled with β-TCP followed by collagen membrane application (control group). The dogs were sacrificed at the end of fourth and eighth weeks. Jaw segments containing the operated teeth were dissected and processed for histological examination and morphometric analysis of the regenerative features. Results: The histological results revealed that bone formation and regeneration of cementum and PDL progressed more in experimental groups than in control groups. Moreover, the regenerative features were more advanced in the second observation period. The histomorphometry revealed that the surface area of newly formed bone and the thickness of its trabeculae were higher in the defects treated with Angelica sinensis and β-TCP than in only β-TCP-filled defects at both observational periods. Conclusions: Angelica sinensis has accelerated the regenerative potential of the interradicular bone and has enhanced the effect of β-TCP for interradicular bone regeneration in dogs.

INTRODUCTION:Augmentation of deficient alveolar ridge is a challenging task in periodontal regenerative therapy. The gold standard therapeutic modality for managing these defects is autogenous bone grafting. But, this approach was hampered by increased patient morbidity. Thus, recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have shed light on the ''bioengineering'' technology which seeks to introduce the incorporation of stem cells in periodontal regeneration. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate, histomorphometrically, the efficacy of guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique using autogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) loaded on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) alloplast as a scaffold, in managing horizontal alveolar ridge defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen critical-sized horizontal ridge defects were created in four healthy mongrel dogs after bilateral extraction of the mandibular third and fourth premolars. In a split mouth design; the experimental group (right side): comprised eight ridge defects managed using GBR approach (autogenous BMSCs + β-TCP + collagen membrane). The control group (left side): comprised eight ridge defects were left empty to heal spontaneously. Dogs were sacrificed at 1 and 2 months intervals for histomorphometric assessment using Image J software to measure osteoblastic count (OC) from the obtained histological sections. RESULTS:The experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in OC at both follow up intervals of the study. CONCLUSIONS: GBR technique using autogenous BMSCs/ β-TCP composites was effective in managing horizontal ridge defects. Osteogenic properties and bone regenerative capacity of alloplasts can be greatly enhanced using this technique in periodontal regenerative surgeries.

Objective The study evaluates the effectiveness of Angelica sinensis (As) adjunctive to Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bone graft in the management of induced critical sized class II furcation defects in dogs. Material and method A randomized study design was conducted on the third and fourth premolars of six dogs. A total of twenty-four defects were surgically created. After reflecting a mucoperiosteal flap, twelve defects were filled with As granules mixed with β-TCP (Experimental group) while the other twelve defects were filled with β-TCP only (Control group) and both were covered by collagen membrane. At the fourth and eighth weeks, jaw segments were dissected and processed for immune-histological examination and histomorphometry analysis. Results At four and eight weeks after treatment, experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in the height of newly formed interradicular bone (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001 respectively), its surface area (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02 respectively), and the thickness of its trabeculae (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001 respectively), when compared to control group. Moreover. alkaline phosphatase immunoreaction showed higher intensity in the osteoblast cells of experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion As enhances periodontal regeneration and bone-formation when used in the management of furcation defects.

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical removal of dental biofilm is the gold standard therapy in treatment of moderate periodontitis. Local delivery drugs as adjunctives to conventional treatment are widely used to modulate inflammatory host response and eliminate microbes. Nowadays, herbal therapies have been used as safe alternative agents in place of antibiotics to overcome antibiotics side effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of intra-pocket application of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) gel on periodontal status. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty patients with moderate periodontitis, divided equally into two groups. Group-I was managed by SRP with the intrapocket application of 2% lemongrass oil gel. Group-II was managed by SRP with the intra-pocket application of a placebo gel. Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured for each group at baseline before and twelve weeks after treatment. RESULTS: All assessed parameters showed improvement at the end of the study period in both groups compared to baseline. CAL, BOP, and PI showed a significant decrease from baseline to the end of the study in lemongrass gel group when compared to placebo group. CONCLUSION: Combining intrapocket lemongrass gel with SRP was more effective in improving the clinical periodontal status than using SRP alone in the treatment of moderate periodontitis.

BACKGROUND:Glucocorticoids is a potent anti-inflammatory which is used to treat autoimmune disorders. Also, its used as an immunosuppressive agent. It also has an important role in calcium homeostasis. Hypocalcemia is a common metabolic disorder that may develop due to certain pharmacological agents used in the treatment of other diseases. Drug-induced hypocalcemia may vary in severity from asymptomatic to morbidity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty albino adult male rats whose weight ranges from 200-250 grams (about 6 months of age) were included in this study. They were divided randomly into 2 groups: Group I (control group), Group II (glucocorticoid group). Rats in group (II) were injected by methylprednisolone (40 mg/kg) intramuscular 3 times per week for three weeks. The animals were euthanized by the end of the experimental periods, after 3 weeks. The right molar segments were dissected out and prepared for light microscopic examination while the left molar sections were processed for energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS:The results of control group showed normal histological features of the alveolar bone. Regarding the glucocorticoid group, there was disturbance in the bone architecture. The bone surface showed an irregular outline with multiple resorptive craters and porosity. Deeply stained incremental lines were also evident. The results of EDX showed decrease in calcium and phosphorous percentage in group B than in group A. CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoid administration is a serious condition which leads to sever bone loss and alteration in structure of alveolar bone.