a b s t r a c t Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the presence of pathogenic bacteria in urine on three bladder cancer genetic markers (Cytokeratin 19, Cytokeratin 20 and Uroplakin II mRNA), and to evaluate the reliability of each urine marker separately. Methods: Voided urine samples from 20 bladder cancer patients, 15 patients with urinary tract infection patients and 10 healthy volunteers were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria was performed followed by determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Evaluation of CK-19, CK-20 and UPII mRNA in urine by RT-PCR was carried out.Results: The most frequent organism isolated was Escherichia coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 47.37% and 68.42%% for CK-19, 57.89% and 100% for CK-20 and 63.1% and 100%for UPII. Combined sensitivity and specificity of CK-20 and UPII biomarkers together was higher than that of each biomarker alone or even more than that of the three combined biomarkers. Conclusions: E. coli is the most predominant bacteria isolated from bladder cancer patients.Both CK-20 and UPII have different expression levels for both benign and malignant cases.Combined use of UPII and CK-20 may be a promising noninvasive tool for the detection of bladder cancer in urine for patients who have both symptoms of UTI and cancer.

The objective of the project was to organise an expert committee between Egypt and European Union partners with the aim of producing a document which duly justified proposals for food safety hazard resolution in Egypt. This paper presents the results of the discussion of the expert committee on 'Food safety and traceability' . The meeting was organised at the University of Mansoura in Egypt from 15 th to 17 th February 2014. It enables an increase in the quality, quantity, profile and impact of bi-regional science and technology cooperation between Egypt and members of the European Union in the field of food safety and traceability.

Introduction: EU Regulations continue to be strict in order to allow the highest degree of insurance in foodstuffs' safety and quality. The traceability and labeling of imported products in EU still remain a valuable issue (EU-Regulation 178/2002). One of the most important concerns of the customers is the product traceability, which is defined as the ability to screen the whole history or geographical origin or farming type of any food by certified methodologies. In this regard, we proposed to study the link between microbial ecology and farming type of foodstuffs via a unique molecular analytical technique which is followed by an image analysis.Purpose: A unique molecular analytical tool using 16S rDNA and 26S rDNA profiles generated by "PCR-DGGE" was used to detect the variation in bacterial and yeast communities respectively of peaches from Jordan (control fruit, organic farming and conventional farming).Results: When the 16S and 26S rDNA profiles were analyzed using image and multivariate analysis, certain microbiota were detected on peach fruits originating from Jordan. The resulted band profiles of bacteria and yeasts from different farming types were specific and could be used as a bar-code to discriminate the fruits' farming type. Significance of the paper: This method could be considered as a new traceability technique which provides fruits with a unique biological bar-code and permits the possibility to control the farming type of foodstuffs. © 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Mansoura University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).