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This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorating effect of dietary curcumin Curcuma longa (CUR) against the subacute toxicity of fipronil (FIP) on Oreochromis niloticus. One hundred and eighty fish were divided into six groups and kept for 30 days; the first group was kept as a control group fed on commercial diet, while the second and third groups were fed on commercial diets supplemented with 1% (CUR1) and 3% (CUR3) curcumin powder/kg diet respectively. The fourth (FIP), fifth (FIP1) and sixth (FIP3) experimental groups were intoxicated with FIP (1/10 96 h LC50), where (FIP1) and (FIP3) groups were fed on a commercial diet supplemented with 1% and 3% of curcumin powder respectively. Hepatorenal damage markers, immunological, tissue antioxidant parameters and anterior kidney expression of IL‐8, IL‐1β and TGF‐β1 genes were determined. Curcumin alleviated the deteriorative effects of FIP intoxication through decreasing hepatic and renal damage markers, improving serum respiratory burst and lysozyme activities. Curcumin provoked a marked decrease in hepatic and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentration with a significant improvement in tissues' antioxidant status in FIP‐intoxicated fish. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant down‐expression of pro‐inflammatory markers genes after supplementation of curcumin in FIP‐intoxicated fish. In conclusion, the use of 3% curcumin as a feed additive could be implemented to protect fish against the toxic effects of agrochemical wastes via restoring antioxidant and immunological parameters of intoxicated fish.

In the present study, Indian shrimp, Penaeus indicus, were fed on diets supplemented with basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil (BO) to observe the growth performance, antioxidant and innate immune responses, and the resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The animals (5.0–5.5 g) were fed on diets supplemented with 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.5 and 5 g BO/kg diet over 90 days. After the feeding trial, animals were intramuscularly injected by V. parahaemolyticus and observed for 96 h for mortality or any abnormal signs. Growth‐stimulating effects of dietary BO supplementation on final weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed intake were observed. No significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value and animal survival. Feeding the animals on BO‐enriched diets did not significantly affect the chemical proximate composition of animals’ muscles. Increased values of total protein, albumin and globulin were observed in BO‐fed animals; meanwhile, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases as well as creatinine and urea levels significantly decreased in animals fed 2.5–5.0 g BO/kg diet. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme and phenol oxide activity significantly (p < .05) increased in the BO‐fed fish, with highest values in treatments of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet. The dietary BO supplementation significantly (p < .05) decreased levels of malondialdehyde and nitrous oxide. After the bacterial challenge, 66.7 percent of animals in the control group were dead. The BO‐fed animals were more resistant against bacterial challenge especially at levels of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet, which showed high relative percentage of survival (80.0–86.7 percent). In conclusion, dietary BO supplementation with levels of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet proved beneficial effects to Indian shrimp where growth performance, antioxidant systems and innate immunity were stimulated. It also promoted the challenge of Indian shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection.

Bacterial fish diseases are considered as major constraint in aquaculture production. The use of natural phytochemicals is promising in aquaculture because they are safe for the environment and human health, biocompatible and biodegradable. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ocimum basilicum oil on the non-specific immune response of Nile-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. A hundred and eighty Nile-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (20±2 g/fish) were randomly distributed and divided into four equal groups in well prepared glass aquaria supplied with continuous areation. The 1 st group was assigned as non-treated control group. The 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups were fed on treated ration with basil oil at concentration of 0.25, 0.5 and 1% of basil oil /kg diet for 42 days, respectively. The obtained results showed that the orally administrated basil oil has been shown to enhance the non-specific immune response in the treated fish (hematocrit levels, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity) all over the experiment period in compared with the control group. Also, significant decrease in total bacterial count of fish muscles in compared with control group. Mortality rates post challenge infection, were significantly lesser in treated groups in compared with control group. It was observed that the mortalities among the challenged fish are dose related. These findings are supportive of the potential of basil oil use as ecofriendly alternative measures of disease prevention for sustainable aquaculture. Effect of basil oil (O. basilicum) on nonspecific immune response of Oreochromis niloticus

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