Effects of dietary sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil on the performance, antioxidants and immunity welfare, and resistance of Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus) againstVibrio parahaemolyticusinfection

Abstract

In the present study, Indian shrimp, Penaeus indicus, were fed on diets supplemented with basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil (BO) to observe the growth performance, antioxidant and innate immune responses, and the resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. The animals (5.0–5.5 g) were fed on diets supplemented with 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.5 and 5 g BO/kg diet over 90 days. After the feeding trial, animals were intramuscularly injected by V. parahaemolyticus and observed for 96 h for mortality or any abnormal signs. Growth‐stimulating effects of dietary BO supplementation on final weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed intake were observed. No significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value and animal survival. Feeding the animals on BO‐enriched diets did not significantly affect the chemical proximate composition of animals’ muscles. Increased values of total protein, albumin and globulin were observed in BO‐fed animals; meanwhile, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases as well as creatinine and urea levels significantly decreased in animals fed 2.5–5.0 g BO/kg diet. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme and phenol oxide activity significantly (p < .05) increased in the BO‐fed fish, with highest values in treatments of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet. The dietary BO supplementation significantly (p < .05) decreased levels of malondialdehyde and nitrous oxide. After the bacterial challenge, 66.7 percent of animals in the control group were dead. The BO‐fed animals were more resistant against bacterial challenge especially at levels of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet, which showed high relative percentage of survival (80.0–86.7 percent). In conclusion, dietary BO supplementation with levels of 2.5–5.0 g/kg diet proved beneficial effects to Indian shrimp where growth performance, antioxidant systems and innate immunity were stimulated. It also promoted the challenge of Indian shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection.

Changes in Serum Blood Parameters in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with Diets Supplemented with Waste Derived from Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

“…However, the levels were increased at T2. Similar results are shared by Abdel-Tawwab et al [32] in Clarias gariepinus fed with a diet supplemented with the leaf extract of the clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum) (proportion of 5, 10, 15 g/kg diet) and by Dawood et al [60] in O. niloticus fed with a diet supplemented with 0.25% menthol essential oil. The albumin levels were generally in line with those Fazio et al [69], Vigiani et al [70] and Manera and Britti [51] reported for Italian trout farms (mean concentration 1.83 g dL −1 , 1.38 g dL −1 , and 0.84 g dL −1 , respectively).…”

“…One of the world's most popular aromatic herbs is sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) [26,27], which contains natural antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids that may contribute to fish health [28]. Essential oils and O. basilicum extracts have proven effective antioxidant [29], antimicrobial [30][31][32], insecticidal [33,34], nematocidal [27] and fungistatic [35] agents in aquaculture. However, studies investigating the effects of basil extract on blood biochemistry parameters in fish are still scant to date.…”

Assessment of Thepax and Bio Boost for promoting microbial growth in common carp intestines Cyprinus carpio.

“…At the same time, it decreased in the Thepax and BioBoost therapy, as it recorded 10² X 3 CFU/ml and 10² X 7 CFU/ml, respectively. From Table (6), it was also noted that the number of colonies of cellulose-degrading bacteria Cellolomonas was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Thepax treatment, recording 10² x 54 CFU/ml, followed by the BioBoost treatment with 10² X 39 CFU/ml, while the control treatment recorded 10² X 7 CFU/ml.…”

“…Table (6) presented the numbers of bacteria in the intestines of common carp in different treatments. Where the number of colonies of Lactobacillus bacteria increased significantly (P<0.05) in the treatment of Thepax compared with the BioBoost treatment and control, as it recorded 10² x 65 cfu/ml and the BioBoost treatment recorded 10² x 55 cfu/ml followed by the control treatment which recorded 10² x 23 cfu/ml .…”

“…Antibiotics in aquaculture lead to many severe problems, such as antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and antibiotic residues in fish muscles, which would cause serious public health effects on human consumers and environmental pollution 4,5 . Therefore, finding safe and environmentally friendly alternatives is necessary to avoid the negative consequences of antibiotic use 6 . Most non-nutritive feed additives include antibiotics, immunostimulants, antioxidants, probiotics and prebiotics 7,8 , which were added to improve diet quality, health, performance and feeding efficiency of fish 9 .…”