Immunomodulatory effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae, β-glucan and laminaran in mercuric chloride treated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

El‐Boshy, Mohamed; El‐Ashram, Ahmed; Abdelhamid, Fatma; Gadalla, Hossam

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2010.01.017

Cited by 158 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The remainder of the fish in each aquarium at the conclusion of the disease challenge were euthanized, and blood samples were collected and allowed to clot overnight at 4 C. Clotted blood was centrifuged at 6000 Â g for 10 min at 4 C; then, the supernatant was stored at À80 C. Lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities were measured as described by El-Boshy [32] and Barka and Anderson [33], respectively. Hemagglutination titre in serum was determined by assay according to Barracco et al [34].…”

Section: Serum Immune Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of Jian carp with Aeromonas hydrophila

Chen

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Serum Immune Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of Jian carp with Aeromonas hydrophila

Chen

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…β-glucans are glucose polysaccharides that are connected by β-glycosidic bonds or d-glucose molecules which are repetitively linked at a specific position. In particular, β-1,3/1,6 glucans have been shown to be potent immunomodulators able to reduce the susceptibility to infection in fish against a wide array of pathogens, including bacteria [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] and [7], parasites [8] and viruses [9] and [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Falcó

Miest

Pionnier

et al. 2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Highlights•mx expression was stable or slightly up-regulated in carp after β-glucan treatment.•Poly(I:C) markedly increased mx expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish.•Two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized.•β-Glucan-supplemented diets increased the transcript levels of both tlr3 genes. AbstractWe have previously observed that in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), administration of β-glucan (MacroGard®) as feed additive leads to a lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting that this immunostimulant may be preventing an acute and potentially dangerous response to infection, particularly in the gut. However, in general, mechanisms to detect and eliminate pathogens must also be induced in order to achieve an efficient clearance of the infection. Protection against viral diseases acquired through β-glucan-supplemented feed has been extensively reported for several experimental models in fish but the underlining mechanisms are still unknown. Thus, in order to better characterize the antiviral action induced by β-glucans in fish, MacroGard® was administered daily to common carp in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets. Carp were fed for a period of 25 days prior to intra-peritoneal injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a well-known double-stranded RNA mimic that triggers a type-I interferon (IFN) response. Subsequently, a set of immune related genes, including mx, were analysed by real-time PCR on liver, spleen, head kidney and mid gut tissues. Results obtained confirmed that treatment with β-glucan alone generally down-regulated the mRNA expression of selected cytokines when compared to untreated fish, while mx gene expression remained stable or was slightly up-regulated. Injection with poly(I:C) induced a similar down-regulated gene expression pattern for cytokines in samples from β-glucan fed fish. In contrast, poly(I:C) injection markedly increased mx gene expression in samples from β-glucan fed fish but hardly in samples from © 2014. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ fish fed control feed. In an attempt to explain the high induction of mx, we studied Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene expression in these carp. TLR3 is a prototypical pattern recognition receptor considered important for the binding of viral double-stranded RNA and triggering of a type-I IFN response. Through genome data mining, two sequences for carp tlr3 were retrieved (tlr3.1 and tlr3.2) and characterized. Constitutive gene expression of both tlr3.1 and tlr3.2 was detected by real-time PCR in cDNA of all analysed carp organs. Strikingly, 25 days after β-glucan feeding, very high levels of tlr3.1 gene expression were observed in all analysed organs, with the exception of the liver. Our data suggest that β-glucan-mediated protection against viral diseases could be due to an increased Tlr3-mediated recognition of ligands, resulting in an increased antiviral activity of Mx.

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“…In 549 tilapia fed with 10g/kg of feed of Biosaf (commercial extract) an increase in the same immunological 550 parameters was reported with the exception the lymphocyte transformation index which had no 551 significant differences [190]. Again after challenge with A. hydrophila a reduction in the mortality rate was 552 reported [190]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore a reduction in the 546 mortality rate was reported after V. harveyi challenge [191]. In addition, in Nile tilapia fed with 0.1% β-547 glucan an increase in the above mentioned parameters was reported in addition to increases in serum 548 bactericidal activity, serum NO and the lymphocyte transformation index after 21 days of diet [190]. In 549 tilapia fed with 10g/kg of feed of Biosaf (commercial extract) an increase in the same immunological 550 parameters was reported with the exception the lymphocyte transformation index which had no 551 significant differences [190].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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The response of fish to immunostimulant diets

Vallejos‐Vidal

Reyes-López

Teles

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

275

119

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8 Fish Immunostimulation through dietary manipulation 9The aquaculture sector has shown a rapid growth over the last 30 years with an associated increase in 10 disease problems as result of rapid expansion and amongst other factors high stocking densities. In order 11to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been used as dietary 12 additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance in cultured fish. 13An immunostimulant is a natural or chemical substance that stimulates the immune system by specific 14(vaccines or antigens) or non-specific (irrespective of antigenic specificity) routes. In Aquaculture, non- 21The immunostimulant effect of dietary supplements in fish has been focused mainly on the evaluation of 22 non-specific immune parameters and, therefore, on the consequences of these treatments on the innate 23 immune system. The innate immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which it carries 24 out its protective function. The major components of the innate immune system at cellular level are 25 leukocytes, mainly monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes [1,2]. Among the granulocytes, neutrophils 26are the most abundant cell-type and their presence has been described in Salmoniformes, Cypriniformes 27 and Perciformes [3]. Neutrophils and macrophages are responsible for the production of bioactive 28 molecules for pathogen recognition and destruction, cellular communication and activation, initiation of 29 an adaptive immune response and later, resolution of an inflammatory response and tissue repair. 30Furthermore, these cell types are responsible in the majority for phagocytosis [4], one of the main 31 mediators of innate immunity to remove pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. For this 32 reason, these immune cell types are also called phagocytes. This microbe/killing mechanism triggers 33 diverse antimicrobial processes that use a wide variety of mechanisms including cellular activation, 34 production of oxidative radicals, and the production of cytokines driving the inflammatory response 35 amongst others. 36Two of the most important antimicrobial systems of phagocytic cells are the NADPH phagocyte oxidase 37 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways, which are responsible for the generation of 38 superoxide (O2 − ) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals, respectively. NADPH oxidase, a multi-subunit complex, 39 catalyses a one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen into superoxide anion (O2 − ), also referred to as 40 reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is either spontaneously converted to H2O2 or enzymatically by 41 superoxide dismutase (SOD). In comparison to neutrophils, the size of the respiratory burst is much 42 reduced in macrophages [5]. Since O2 − is the first product to be released from the respiratory burst, the 43 measurement of O2 − has been accepted as a direct and accurate way of measuring respiratory burst 44 activity [6]: the reduction of ferricytochrome c to determine extracellular O2 − , and th...

show abstract

Immunomodulatory effect of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae, β-glucan and laminaran in mercuric chloride treated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Cited by 158 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of Jian carp with Aeromonas hydrophila

Effect of dietary arginine on the immune response and gene expression in head kidney and spleen following infection of Jian carp with Aeromonas hydrophila

β-Glucan-supplemented diets increase poly(I:C)-induced gene expression of Mx, possibly via Tlr3-mediated recognition mechanism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The response of fish to immunostimulant diets

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