This paper discusses the quality of surface finish when threading titanium-based alloy under dry condition. The quality of surface finish was studied at various cutting parameters and at the two extreme stages of the machining process, i.e. at the beginning and end of the process. The objective is to evaluate the effect of a worn-out tool on the quality of surface finish. PVD-coated carbide tools were used in this study. Experiments were conducted at two cutting speeds, 35 and 55 m/min, two depths of cut, 0.2 and 0.25 mm, and a constant pitch of 2.0 mm. The tool wear and the quality of surface finish were inspected visually by microscope. The tool's flank wear was measured gradually and machining was stopped when the flank wear reached the rejection criterion of0.3 mm. The microstructure beneath the machined surface was also evaluated. It was found that, at the beginning of machining, there was only a feed mark on the surface finish. When the machining was prolonged until the tools reached the rejection criterion, a bad surface finish was produced. Metal debris, surface cavities and a boundary crack were observed. Results show that machining with a worn-out tool can cause microstructure alteration beneath the machined surface. The selection of cutting parameters and monitoring of tool wear are crucial in order to obtain a good surface finish. Characterization of the surface finish with respect to the threading process under a dry condition would ultimately help in the development of suitable parameters for machining titanium-based alloys.
Machining of Ti-6Al-4V ELI becomes more interested topic due to extremely weight-tostrength ratio and resistance to corrosion at elevated temperature. Quality of machined surface is presented by surface roughness, surface texture and damages of microstructure of titanium alloys. The turning parameters evaluated are cutting speed of 55 -95 m/min, feed rate of 0.15 -0.35 mm/rev, depth of cut of 0.10 -0.20 mm and tool grade of CVD carbide tools. The results show the trend lines of surface roughness value are higher at the initial machining and the surface texture profile has a strong correlation with the feed rate. At the machining condition of cutting speed of 95 m/min, feed rate of 0.35 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.10 mm produced the with layer with thickness of 2.0 µm.
Concrete beams are parts of a structure that serves as a channeling moment to the column structure. The structure of the beam which has undergone yielding reinforcement must be repaired. One of the beam repairs that can be done is by providing reinforcement using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. The reinforcement structure modeling and analysis were carried out using the Abaqus software. There are two types of modeling, those were laboratory test beam modeled with Abaqus (BPA) and reinforced beam using CFRP (BPC). The beam structure analysis using Abaqus software showed that BPA beam experiences a first crack when the load is 5311.96 lbs with a 0.08 inch displacement, while the BPC-2 beam is first cracked at a load of 5019.93 lbs with a 0.10 inch displacement. The BPA beam experiences an ultimate when the load was 12620.84 lbs with a 0.64-inch displacement, while the BPC-2 beam experiences ultimate when the load was 12403.48 lbs with a displacement of 0.60 inch. The type of crack pattern in both beam models is the type of bending crack.
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