Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used building materials in Indonesia due to its workability, easiness, and reasonable price. Meanwhile, it is very important to understand the response of these elements during the loading process to ensure the development of an effective structure and one of the most effective numerical methods for reinforced concrete elements is the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beam using a nonlinear finite element analysis through the application of the MSC MARC/MENTAT software program. This involved the use of a solid element to represent concrete while the truss bar was applied for reinforcing steel after which multi-linear and bilinear models were considered for the two elements respectively while embedded reinforcement model was applied to model the rebar. Moreover, the beam model was also studied and compared with experimental data from previous literature. The result showed the load-deflection to have significantly increased due to an increment in the steel reinforcement yield strength. The same was also observed for the concrete compressive strength while a decrease was recorded in deflection due to the reduction in the compressive strength because the strain was reaching the crushing value. Furthermore, the concrete tension model was found to be the same with the experimental results with the tensile strength observed to have lost its strength after reaching the tensile stress while the contact behavior of the modeled reinforced concrete beam showed the existence of a slip at the support and loading points.
Abstract. The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake triggered the Tsunami which caused massive great damage of the structural building either by the Tsunami waves themselves or by the Tsunami flotsam impact. With respect to the wave pressure, the loads by wave pressure are treated as statically equivalent loads. On the other hand, with respect to the collision of flotsam, the quantitative design method has not been established so far. The collision between Tsunami flotsam and concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) member is studied. Specimens consist of square, circular, and diamond cross-sectional shapes. The three dimensional finite element analysis (FEM) by MSC Marc Mentat (2012) was performed to evaluate static behavior of CFT members subjected to concentrated lateral load. The tip shape of lateral load is intended the collision with Tsunami flotsam. The solid element is used for steel tubes and infill concrete, respectively. The contact analysis between tip shapes of load and the steel as well as the concrete and steel are also considered. The fiber element analysis program developed by Kawano (1995) is employed to the impact response analysis. The members are modelled by beam-column elements with a cross section consisting of stress fibers. The collision model is developed to consider that Tsunami flotsam with the velocity 7m/sec collides with the CFT members. The gap element is employed to model the contact and separation between Tsunami flotsam and CFT members. The precision of analytical models of the FEM analysis and the frame analysis is confirmed by the comparison with the experimental test results. The FEM analysis is capable reproducing the deflected shape of the static test which also same as those of impact test results. It is discussed the comparison of energy absorption capacity of a CFT member under both impact and static loading.
The combination of thin-walled steel structure with concrete infill can be used as the alternative material properties in the building in Indonesia. This composite material is suitable for seismic-resistant building because it has more ductility than conventional material. In the tsunami event, some tsunami debris strikes the building and induced partial or full collapse of the building. The loading tip shape of tsunami debris which contacts to a tubular surface affects the local deformation or buckling mode of the thin-walled structures. In order to investigate the effects, we conducted three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses of concrete filled square steel tubular members subjected to concentrated lateral loads by using the finite element analysis (FEM) program MSC Marc/Mentat. The fiber element analysis is also performed to reduce the analysis time of FEM and simplify the analysis. The accuracy of the FEM and fiber element analysis is verified by the experiment. Being based on the parametric numerical study, it discusses the effect of axial load on the load-deflection relations. It shows that the higher the axial load, the more degradation the ductility of the structure.
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