Critical reading awareness can empower readers through critical reading skills used to understand ideological messages and domination act in language practice. The aim of this research was to develop and test a critical reading learning model to enhance university students' critical awareness. This Research and Development study was carried out by following three main steps that were product development, product validation, and examination of product effectiveness. 56 students participated in this study. They came from the Indonesian Language Department, Negeri Makassar University, Indonesia. The qualitative data was analyzed with the use of domain analysis and the quantitative data was analyzed using t-test. The developed learning model was proven valid and feasible through experts' validation. In addition, the results of the effectiveness test indicated that the learning model could improve students' critical reading skills and students' critical reading awareness of understanding, evaluating, and responding to texts.

<p>Calendar is an organizing system to calculate the time for a certain period. By convention, the day is the smallest unit of the calendar, while the measurement part of a day using timing systems (hours, minutes, and seconds). Some calendar systems refers to an astronomical cycle, follow the rules anyway. The concept of day used by most people on earth is the concept of the day where the day begins at midnight and the day started on<br />line within 1800 of the City of Greenwich. This qualitative study intends to analyze the determination of days in the Hijriyah calendar. The main problem is the disagreement about the start of the day and where the beginning of the day begins. In contrast to the international community in general, Muslims have several criteria to determine where and when the day begins in Islam. There are three opinions about the beginning of the<br />day. First, the dawn as a benchmark of the start of the day. Second, the start of the day occurs when the setting sun. Third, the day began at midnight (00:00).</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong></strong>Kalender merupakan sebuah sistem pengorganisasian untuk menghitung waktu selama periode tertentu. Secara konvensi, hari adalah unit kalender terkecil, sementara untuk pengukuran bagian dari sebuah hari digunakan sistem perhitungan waktu (jam, menit, dan detik). Beberapa sistem kalender mengacu kepada suatu siklus astronomi, mengikuti aturan yang tetap. Konsep hari yang dipakai oleh sebagian besar manusia di<br />bumi adalah konsep hari dimana hari dimulai pada tengah malam dan hari dimulai di garis yang berjarak 1800 dari Kota Greenwich. Penelitian kualitatif ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis penentuan hari dalam kalender Hijriah. Masalah utama adalah perbedaan pendapat tentang awal hari dan di mana awal hari dimulai. Berbeda dengan masyarakat<br />dunia pada umumnya, umat Islam mempunyai beberapa kriteria dalam menentukan dimana dan kapan hari dimulai dalam Islam. Ada tiga pendapat tentang permulaan hari. Pertama, fajar dijadikan patokan dari permulaan hari. Kedua, permulaan hari terjadi saat terbenamnya matahari. Ketiga, hari dimulai sejak tengah malam (pukul 00.00).</p>

This study aimed to measure the effect of the critical literacy approach on pre-service language teachers' critical reading skills. The critical reading skills measured consisted of six levels: interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and selfregulation.Research Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experiment which involved 56 pre-service teachers studying at the Indonesian Language Teaching Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Research data was collected using a critical reading test. Prior to the study, a package of instructional materials was developed for the

Abstract:The aim of this study is to describe the form, function and response strategies from autistic studentson the teachers' directive in the classroom. This study used a case study. The results showed that there are two categories of the students' spoken responses: (1) speech production in the form of assertive, directive, commissive and expressive; and (2) the speech responses are based on the senses including auditory, visual and emotions. In addition, the function of the students' responses is categorized into two: (i) the effect of speech production in terms of complaining, agreeing, asking, stating something, thanking, apologizing, asserting, reporting, mentioning and offering; and (ii) the students' responses as the effect of the teachers' directive speech acts. Furthermore, the students' response strategies are divided into two categories, namely: (i) internal and external factors, and (ii) the delivery of the students' responses.Keywords: teachers' directive, autistic students, students' responses.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan wujud, fungsi, dan strategi respon tutur siswa autis terhadap tutur direktif guru dalam interaksi pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wujud respon tutur siswa memiliki dua kategori, yakni (a) pemroduksian wujud respon tutur meliputi respon asertif, direktif, komisif, dan ekspresif; dan (b) pembagian jenis respon tutur menurut indera yang mengamati, yaitu respon auditif, visual, dan perasa. Fungsi respon tutur siswa ditemukan dalam dua kategori, yaitu (a) fungsi pemroduksian respon meliputi fungsi mengeluh, menyetujui, menanyakan, meminta, menyatakan sesuatu, menunjukkan, mengucapkan terima kasih, meminta maaf, menegaskan, melaporkan, menyebutkan, dan menawarkan; dan (b) pemrosesan terjadinya respon disebabkan oleh sebuah aksi dari guru sehingga menimbulkan reaksi dari siswa.Kata Kunci: respon tutur, tutur direktif, tutur siswa autis, respon tutur siswa.Teori tindak tutur berfokus pada tindak komunikatif berbentuk ujaran. Habermas (dalam Cummings, 2007:284) menggunakan tindak tutur dalam analisisnya terhadap pragmatik universal. Menurutnya, bahasa melakukan tiga fungsi pragmatik, yaitu fungsi representatif, fungsi ekspresif, dan fungsi interaktif. Ketiganya dalam teori tindakan sosial diselaraskan dengan yang disampaikan Austin dan Searle terhadap konsep tindak tutur yang meliputi tiga tindak, yaitu tindak lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi. Teori tindak tutur menempatkan

Critical thinking competency is one of the requirements for university graduates to succeed. Critical reading skills learning can accommodate the development of the critical thinking competency. Therefore, this study was designed to develop instructional materials for the students to learn the skills. The present study was carried out following some steps of research and development study that includes a preliminary study, the development of product prototype, tryout, and the effectiveness test. This study involved 82 pre-service Indonesian teachers studying at Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Data was collected through a questionnaire, an experts' validation sheet, and a test on critical reading skills. The results of the study indicated that instructional materials developed with a complete and integrated structure, involving the activity of conceptualizing, modeling, and practicing are effective in improving students' critical reading skills. The characteristics of mass media texts are highly appropriate for habituating students to evaluate, respond to, and reflect on information critically. The instructional materials developed in this study can be used by the university students in learning and support the development of students' 21st-century learning competency.

This study aims at developing the learning model that integrates the Indonesian culture in BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing-Indonesian as a foreign language) learning to meet the needs of BIPA students. The research method used in this study is R2D2 (reflective, recursive, design and development) model by Jerry Willis (2000) [11]. The subjects of the tryout are BIPA students at BIPA Universitas Negeri Malang from ASEAN Countries such as Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia who participate in the In-Country Program, Darmasiswa, and KNB Program. The learning model developed has been assessed in the session of tryout. The result shows that the learning model, which is integrating the Indonesian culture for BIPA students are effective to help them to use Indonesian appropriately and accurately.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing (BIPA) daring yang memiliki kelayakan untuk digunakan bagi pebelajar tingkat pemula rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Malang pada tahun 2020. Prosedur yang digunakan adalah model (Gall et al., 2007). Karakteristik bahan ajar yang dihasilkan terdiri atas tiga belas unit pelajaran yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran BIPA secara daring. Tiap unit pelajaran dikembangkan bertumpu pada topik aktual sesuai dengan kebutuhan pebelajar tingkat pemula rendah. Topik-topik aktual tersebut antara lain tentang perkenalan, kampus, rumah, kantor, kantin, taman, dan pasar. Ragam bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan dalam bahan ajar ini ragam komunikatif. Selain itu, bahan ajar ini difasilitasi bahasa bantu bahasa Inggris. Berdasarkan uji pakai terhadap aspek isi, bahasa, dan struktur penyajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar BIPA daring untuk pebelajar tingkat pemula rendah daring ini memiliki kelayakan tinggi. Kata-kata kunci: pengembangan, bahan ajar, BIPA daring, pemula rendah

Dialogue between religion and science is a necessity, because both of them can mutually reinforce the sources of Islamic law. The astronomical approach in the study of hadith makes a significant contribution to the development of astronomy. This article aims to examine the thoughts of an Indonesian Muslim scholar, namely Syamsul Anwar, who offers the concept of the interconnection of astronomy with hadith (especially astronomical hadith). This type of research is a literature by conducting a descriptive analysis of Syamsul Anwar's thoughts. The results of the study show that his contribution to the study of astronomy through an astronomical approach is able to strengthen understanding of the position of a hadith not only from a shari'ah perspective but at the same time being able to explain the meaning of a text using scientific principles (science). The study shows the importance of contextualization and interconnection between Islamic scholarship and other scientific fields. Thus, the efforts that have been made by Syamsul Anwar further strengthen the importance of dialogue between religion and science