Background: Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement and accounts for 15% to 20% of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by variable immune dysregulation, disabling symptoms, and progressive organ damage. Interleukin (IL) -34 is a newly discovered cytokine that has no significant amino acid sequence homology to other cytokines. Objective: This study aimed to assess interleukin-34 serum level in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients and Methods: This was a case-control study performed on 39 individuals divided into control group containing 13 healthy children and diseased group containing 26 children, which further subdivided into two diseased groups (one group classified as active SLE group and another group classified as inactive SLE group each group contained 13 children). Results: In our study the age of the participant children were distributed as 9.46 ± 2.93, 9.07 ± 2.9 and 10.0 ± 3.22 for the control group, inactive and active SLE groups respectively with no significant difference among the studied groups regarding age. But regarding sex, females were majority among all the studied groups with no significant difference between all groups. Our study showed that malar rash was significantly associated with the active lupus nephritis (LN) group. In the current study, we found that serum Interleukin 34 was significantly higher among the active LN group followed by the inactive LN group and the control group was significantly lower. Conclusion:The serum IL-34 level was significantly elevated in the SLE patients. IL-34 could be a potential disease activity marker, and this study might have revealed new insight for the study of SLE disease activity.
Background: Trephine bone marrow biopsy is the standard method for the diagnosis of neoplasia. In the last few years its role has been defined further by the widespread introduction of immunohistochemistry (IHC), the method that increased the diagnostic power of the trephine bone marrow biopsy by detecting specific antigens in the tumor tissue using nonflourescent chromogens that can be seen by conventional microscopy. Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of bone marrow biopsy in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Correlation of bone marrow biopsy finding with other prognostic markers in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is another aim. Methods:The study was performed on 50 patients of NHL diagnosed by LN histopathology. All patients were subjected to: clinical examination and laboratory investigations including complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum lactate dehydrogenase, B2 microglobulin, bone marrow aspiration, immunophenotyping of bone marrow aspiration of the disseminated cases, bone marrow trephine biopsy for: histological classification according to WHO, staging of NHL and Immunohistochemical staining for CD3 and CD20. Results: Twenty patients (40%) positive for infiltration on examination of marrow biopsy and 30 patients (60%) were negative. The results of fifty NHL cases showed only in six cases, both bone marrow biopsy and aspiration were positive (12%; 95% CI, 4.0: 22.0), and in 30 out of 50, the two parameters were negative (60%, 95%CI, 46: 54). Thus, the agreement level between BMB and BMA in the diagnosis of NHL was 27% and discrepancies between bone marrow biopsy and aspirate were found in the remainder. In 14 of 50 specimens, BMB alone was positive (28%; 95% CI, 16 : 42). Conclusion: Bone marrow biopsy morphology and immunohistochemical staining remain the cornerstone for proper staging in NHL patients to increase the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, for appropriate treatment protocols.
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