Background: The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association of different viral infections, with hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-8 (HBV, HCV, EBV, CMV, HHV-8) with the risk of lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) among Egyptian patients, and correlate with the histopathological staging and typing as well as the prevalence of combined infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with 100 healthy age and sex matched normal controls were assayed for viral infection using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) followed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results showed a high statistical significant difference between cases and controls as regards clinical and laboratory findings (P<0.001 and=0.003). A high statistical difference was seen for the association of most viruses and lymphoma cases (p<0.001) except for positive HBs Ag, positive CMV IgG and HHV-8 (p=0.37, 0.70 and 1.0 respectively). No statistical significant difference was found between Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) as regards viral prevalence except HCV antigen, 57.1% for HL and 26.5% for NHL (p = 0.03). Only, HBV DNA showed a high significant value among infiltrated bone marrow cases (p=0.003) and finally, a high significant association of 2 combined viral infections with infiltrated bone marrow lymphoma cases (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results showed that infection with HBV, HCV, CMV and EBV were associated with increased risk of lymphoma among the Egyptian population. Detection of new associations between infectious agents and risk of cancer development will facilitate progress in elaboration of prophylactic measures, early diagnostic methods and, hopefully, novel therapy of malignant tumours.

Clotting screen: Normal-11 patients (79%), Deranged-2 patients (15%), Not performed-1 patient (7%). Staging: Pretext II-7 patients (51%), Pretext III-3 patients (21%), Pretext IV-3 patients (21%), Awaited-1 patient (7%). Diagnosis: Non Metastatic Hepatoblastoma-Standard risk 8 patients (58%) and High risk 3 patients (21%),Metastatic Hepatoblastoma 3 patients (21%). Pre-op chemotherapy: SIOPEL one-1 patient (7%),SIOPEL three-8 patients (57%), SIOPEL four-5 patients (36%). Chemotherapy treatment: On time-11 patients (79%), Delayed-3 patients (21%). Timing of surgery from initial diagnosis: 10 patients (70%) 2-4 months, 2 patients (15%) 4-5 months, 2 patients (15%) awaiting. Type of Surgery: Orthotopic liver transplant-3 patients (21%), Partial hepatectomy-9 patients (64%), Awaiting-2 patients (15%). Associated syndrome: Present (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Fanconi syndrome and 2 parents had familial polyposis coli)-4 patients (30%), Absent-10 patients (70%). Post-op chemotherapy: SIOPEL one-1 patient (7%), SIOPEL three-7 patients (50%), SIOPEL four-3 patients (21%), Not applicable-1 patient (7%), Awaited-2 patients (15%). Complications of chemotherapy: Yes (Hearing loss)-3 patients (21%), Nil-11 patients (79%). Outcome: Remission-10 patients (70%), Died-2 patients (15%), Undergoing treatment-2 patients (15%). Conclusions Incidence Overall 0.02 per 100,000 versus 2 per 100,000 worldwide. Platelet count: Abnormally high in 57% patients. Survival rate: Overall 83.5% (10/12) versus 70% worldwide.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most widespread endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and impaired carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Recently, numerous research focused on the potential application of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative therapy for diabetes treatment owing to the diverse properties of these cells with hopeful results. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potential of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) recovery through the engraftment of undifferentiated MSCs, as well as the impact on the pancreatic β cells. The experiment was carried out on thirty adult male and female albino rats weighing (180-200 gm each). Twenty-five female rats used in the experiments were divided into 3 groups; the control group (5 rats), the diabetic group injected intra-peritoneal at a dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) (10 rats), and the diabetic group treated with 3×106 of undifferentiated male bone marrow MSCs) BM-MSCs) I/V at a single dose (10 rats). BM-MSCs were isolated (from 5 male donor rats), cultured, and characterized by flow cytometry. The pancreatic tissues from the experimental groups were dissected and prepared for histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular as well as morphometric studies. The obtained results showed that the diabetic untreated animals had vacuolations, reduction in the size of the pancreatic islets, and congestion of the blood vessels. Moreover, a positive PCR product of the Sry gene, a highly significant increase in insulin immunoreactivity, and restoration of the normal architecture of pancreatic islets in the treated diabetic group with BM-MSCs were detected. 354Hussein Eidaroos et al.

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