Association of Viral Infections with Risk of Human Lymphomas, Egypt

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association of different viral infections, with hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-8 (HBV, HCV, EBV, CMV, HHV-8) with the risk of lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) among Egyptian patients, and correlate with the histopathological staging and typing as well as the prevalence of combined infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with 100 healthy age and sex matched normal controls were assayed for viral infection using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) followed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results showed a high statistical significant difference between cases and controls as regards clinical and laboratory findings (P<0.001 and=0.003). A high statistical difference was seen for the association of most viruses and lymphoma cases (p<0.001) except for positive HBs Ag, positive CMV IgG and HHV-8 (p=0.37, 0.70 and 1.0 respectively). No statistical significant difference was found between Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) as regards viral prevalence except HCV antigen, 57.1% for HL and 26.5% for NHL (p = 0.03). Only, HBV DNA showed a high significant value among infiltrated bone marrow cases (p=0.003) and finally, a high significant association of 2 combined viral infections with infiltrated bone marrow lymphoma cases (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our results showed that infection with HBV, HCV, CMV and EBV were associated with increased risk of lymphoma among the Egyptian population. Detection of new associations between infectious agents and risk of cancer development will facilitate progress in elaboration of prophylactic measures, early diagnostic methods and, hopefully, novel therapy of malignant tumours.

High prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus associated B-cell lymphoma in Mansoura Region (Egypt), ANRS 12263 study

“…MZL was rare (7.5%). The distribution of NHL we report here is similar to previous findings in Egypt19,20,21 with DLBCL proportions of 55% to 76% among HCV associated NHL, MZL proportion being lower than 10% 21. Overall, our results are in agreement with many studies that reported HCV association with DLBCL, and MZL 6,10,24,25.…”

“…Confirming the role of HCV in lymphoma development, we report a strikingly high rate of HCV infection (61%) among patients with NHL in the Mansoura region, which appears to be the highest reported to our knowledge in the literature. Previous studies on the malignant complications of chronic HCV infection in Egypt or focusing specifically on the association between HCV and NHL reported an HCV prevalence ranging from 40 to 50% among patients with NHL 19,20,21,23. The higher rate we report in the Delta region may be explained by the higher prevalence of HCV in this region.…”

Both chronic HBV infection and naturally acquired HBV immunity confer increased risks of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

“…The HBsAg seropositive patients showed an elevated risk, for the most part, of B-NHL and a few subtypes of T-NHL, particularly in DLBCL, which was consistent with Taborelli’s report. [8] Conversely, a non-significant association between HBsAg positivity and NHL was found in Kadry’s study [28]. Notably, the HBsAg seropositive patients had 2.13 times greater odds of being diagnosed with SLL/CLL than the controls, which was inconsistent with most previous studies [8, 9, 21, 22, 26, 29, 36, 43].…”

New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from June–August 2016

“…They did not find any significant difference in IHC subclasses and clinical data between EBV-positive DLBCL of young and old groups. Kadry et al [ 12 ] compared 100 newly diagnosed Egyptian lymphoma patients with 100 healthy age- and sex-matched normal controls for the presence of hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) viruses, EBV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). There was high indication of presence of most viruses in lymphoma cases except for positive HBs Ag, positive CMV IgG, and HHV-8.…”