Background: This study aimed to assess caries prevalence and experience among 11 to 14 years, school children, analyze demographic, socioeconomic, personal and professional dental care in relation to untreated carious lesions, and evaluates the effect of decayed teeth on early adolescents' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: A cross-sectional analytical investigation was conducted on 1020 preparatory schoolchildren selected on the basis of a multistage sampling technique. Caries status of the participants detected via recording their caries experience and untreated cavities using DMFT and DT indices. OHRQoL was determined using a validated Arabic CPQ 11-14 short-form questionnaire. Statistical methods for descriptive analysis, chi-square test, Independent-Samples t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to detect the influence of independent variables on DT scores. To declare the association between independent variables and QoL, a step-by-step, multivariate regression analysis was conducted. Results: The average scores of DMFT and DT in this study were 2.97 ± 1.29 and 1.66 ± 1.24. Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that early adolescents whom their mothers with a lower level of education and of low socioeconomic status were 1.41 and 1.27 times respectively had higher DT scores when compared with their peers. Untreated cavities affected mainly by mother education, school type, family income, and regular dental appointments. Children with DMFT≤3) or DT = 0 recorded a statistically significant lower CPQ 11-14 average score (p<0.01) and (p<0.0001) respectively. Conclusions: Untreated carious cavities and caries experience were associated with lower socioeconomic, maternal education andl ess frequent tooth brushing. Untreated carious cavities have a significant negative impact on schoolchildren's QoL.

The aims of this study were to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in Upper Egypt with regard to oral cancer (OC). Out of 1,200 licensed dental practitioners list, 424 dentists were randomly selected from three governorates in Upper Egypt (Minia, Assuit, and Sohag). The sample size was calculated using the equation considering the knowledge of dentists about OC, confidence level, and margins of error; then, an additional number of dentists were added to guard against nonresponse. Data were collected by face‐to‐face interview using 44 items divided into four sections; first part demonstrates sociodemographic. The second part concerned with the knowledge about OC clinical presentation and diagnosis (12 multiple‐choice questions) as well as its risk factors (17 close‐end questions). The third part consists of six questions focused on the practice of participants, and finally, the last part measures attitude of dentists. The chi‐square test was used to compare between the two or more proportions. A correlation was used for describing the relationship or association between two mutually numerical dependent variables. p < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. Rate of response was 94.3%. The overall knowledge level in the current study was 31.8%. The awareness about OC risk factors was high especially, smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption. Also, over 80% of dentists identified family history and human papillomavirus (HPV) as risk factors. Only 37.5% of participants performed regular screening of oral mucosa, and 26.5% reported lymph‐node examination. Regarding attitude, only one quarter of dentists attended continuing educating programs about OC. A statistically significant relation ( p < 0.0001) between knowledge level and most demographic variables was detected. There was a fair positive correlation ( r = 0.47) between practice and knowledge scores. A predominant trouble among dentists in Upper Egypt was regarding OC knowledge and practice. Continues education and training programs are highly recommended.

Background: Pain control is a mandatory aspect in pediatric dentistry office through local anesthesia. Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of 4% articaine local anesthetic in young children below four years old. Design: An equivalent randomized control trial with two parallel arms included 184 young children (92 per group) aged from 36 to 47 months seeking pulpotomy of mandibular primary molars which performed after buccal infiltration injection. The control group received lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with epinephrine 1:100 000. The intervention was articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000. Children's behavior during injection and treatment have assessed using Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) and child's behavior using Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). In addition, post-operative complications have been addressed. Results: Both anesthetic agents were equivalent during the injection phase. During the treatment phase, the absolute risk difference (ARR) between the two groups was 0.120 (95% CI: −0.003; 0.243). The maximum limit of 95% CI surpassed the margin of equivalence, indicating that less pain has been expressed during pulpotomy among children delivered articaine when compared to their counterparts in the lidocaine group. Concerning post-operative complications, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two anesthetic drugs. Conclusion: The findings supported the efficient and secure use of articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000 to treat children between the ages of 3 and below 4 years old. K E Y W O R D S articaine, buccal infiltration, lidocaine, local anesthesia, pain How to cite this article: Elheeny AAH. Articaine efficacy and safety in young children below the age of four years: An equivalent parallel randomized control trial.

This study indented to assess the clinical and radiographic assessment of Allium sativum extract as an intracanal irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molars. Ninety children with 110 teeth submitted were categorized into two groups. Clinical and radiographic success rates were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months. Qui‐square test at a level of significance was ˂0.05. There was no statistically significant difference ( p ˂ .05) between the two groups that has not been detected clinically or radiographically. Clinical and radiographic success rates of garlic extract at 3 months were (80% and 72.7%), which declined at 6 and 12 months to be 76.4% 6 and 74.5% respectively. For NaOCl group, clinical and radiographic success rates were 87.3% and 85.5% at 3 months, 87.3% and 87.3% at 6 months and 89.1% and 87.3% at 12 months. A . sativum extract can be used efficiently as an irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molar root canals.

No abstract

Background This in vitro study aims to compare rotary files (Fanta and Zuanba) with manual K files according to the amount of dentin removed and canal transportation in primary mandibular second molars by CBCT images. Methods This experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted human second primary molars. That were divided into three groups according to root canal preparation group "I" instrumented with manual K-files, group "II" instrumented with rotary Fanta files, and group "III" instrumented with rotary Zuanba files. After root canal preparation, teeth were scanned before and after mechanical preparation with CBCT scanner. Then the amount of dentin removed was determined at three levels, including the coronal, middle and apical levels. Data were statically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Result No statistically significant difference in the amount of dentin removed were noted between the manual and the rotary groups at the coronal and apical RC levels (P = 0.420) and (P = 0.819) respectively but significant difference was noted at the middle third (P = 0.043). Regarding RC transportation, no significant difference was noted among the three groups with the exception of the apical RC level (P = 0.043). Conclusion Although no significant differences were noted between rotary and manual files, the rotary files showed better performance.

To compare postoperative pain intensity between two single-file systems with different kinetics (the OneShape file with continuous rotation vs.the WaveOne Gold file with reciprocation movement) after primary molar pulpectomy.Design: This superiority, parallel, randomized clinical trial included 164 healthy children aged 6 to 8 years with asymptomatic, necrotic, maxillary primary second molars due to caries. An equal number of children were assigned to the two groups. The teeth of children in Group 1 were instrumented with the OneShape rotary system (Micro-Mega), whereas teeth of children in Group 2 were instrumented with the WaveOne Gold reciprocating system (Dentsply Maillefer).Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using a 4-point pain scale at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and 1 week after treatment. The parent of each participant received 6 flashcards that included four faces and a word describing each face. A chi-square test was used to compare postoperative pain intensity. The level of significance was set to 5%.Results: Over the follow-up period, no significant difference in postoperative pain intensity was found between the two groups (p > .05). Although the absolute risk reduction maximum limit of 95% CI equal or exceeded the predetermined proportional difference of 0.15, pain intensity was inconclusive at 6, 24, and 48 hours denoting that the superiority of the OneShape single-file over the WaveOne Gold single-file could not be declared. Conclusions:Postoperative pain intensity associated with a rotary vs. reciprocating file system was nearly similar.

Background: Restoration of pulpotomized primary molars with esthetic restorations becomes a priority in pediatric dentistry. Aim:The purpose of this study was to assess parental satisfaction towards prefabricated zirconia crowns. Methods:A randomized controlled trial included 60 children; pulpotomized mandibular right second primary molars restored with prefabricated zirconia crowns and mandibular left second primary molar restored with stainless steel crowns. On a 5 point-Likert-scale, a questionnaire was used to assess parental satisfaction was evaluated by parents at 12 months.Results: Parental satisfaction with the treatment was excellent; however, satisfaction with regard to color received the highest significant rating (100%) for zirconia crowns compared to stainless steel crowns. Parents rated their overall satisfaction in the size, shape and durability after 12 months from baseline. The ratings were (50.8%) for size, shape and durability for both zirconia and stainless steel crowns. Conclusion:Zirconia crowns had more esthetic parental satisfaction than stainless steel crowns.