Artocarpus altilis, which in Indonesia has a local name "sukun" referred to as breadfruit, is a tropical plant. The breadfruit tree produces fruit from March to September. The synonyms of A. altilis are A. communis, and A. incises. 5,6 An ethanol extract of A.altilis leaves actively inhibited the growth of P. falciparum in vitro with IC 50 values 1.32 μg/ml, and was highly active against P. berghei in vivo with ED 50 values 0.82 mg/kg body weight. While stem bark extract from A. altilis showed a very good in vivo activity against P. berghei, and weak in vitro activity against P. falciparum. 7 The previous study showed that another species of genus Artocarpus reported that prenylflavonoid compounds isolated from A. champeden stem bark extract. A. champeden stem bark extract contains artocarpones A, artocarpone B, artoindonesianin E, heteroflavanone C, artoindonesianin R, heterophyllin, artoindonesianin A-2, cycloheterophyllin, and artonin. Heteroflavanone C had the most active inhibition against P. falciparum with IC 50 values 1 nmol/L. 8 A prenylated chalcone, isolated from A. champeden stem bark extract, namely morachalcone A, was identified as a antimalarial active marker compound. 9 Leaves and stembark extract from another species, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus camansi, also has been reported to have good antimalarial activity against P. falciparum and P. berghei. 7,8
Pendahuluan: Beberapa penelitian di negara maju maupun berkembang telah menunjukkan bahwa penderita akne vulgaris (AV) mendapatkan informasi yang inadekuat tentang penyebab dan penanganan AV. Tujuan: Mengetahui karakteristik pengetahuan dan persepsi penderita AV terkait faktor penyebab, sumber informasi, penatalaksanaan dan dampak psikososial AV di kota Mataram Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan survei karakteristik pengetahuan dan persepsi dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil: Dari 162 responden, 51,2% sudah menderita AV selama lebih dari 1 tahun dan 54,9% termasuk derajat ringan. Sebanyak 30% responden menyatakan bahwa AV disebabkan oleh penyebab tunggal dan jenis penyebab terbanyak adalah karena kurangnya kebersihan wajah (34,8%). Stres (25,3%) merupakan faktor yang paling banyak dianggap berperan dalam memperberat AV. Tiga sumber informasi terbesar terkait AV berasal dari internet (20,9%), televisi/radio (19,9%) dan dokter (17,2%). Harapan responden (55,6%) pengobatan berlangsung dalam waktu kurang dari 2 minggu untuk mengatasi AV. Sebagian besar responden (38,3%) telah mencoba lebih dari 1 jenis produk untuk mengatasi AV sebelum memutuskan untuk berobat ke dokter dan sabun pembersih jerawat merupakan produk yang paling banyak digunakan oleh responden (38,1%). Sebagian besar responden (36,4%) menyatakan bahwa menderita AV memiliki pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap penampilan. Kesimpulan: masih adanya informasi yang belum adekuat dari sumber yang telah ada terkait penyebab, faktor yang mencetuskan dan penanganan AV. Katakunci
Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) contain secondary metabolites as inhibitors of the growth of pathogenic microbes in the mouth, so they can be used as lozenges. The choice of binder in the formulation is very important, because it can affect the physical properties of the tablet. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in basil leaf extract and determine the best formula for lozenges of ethanol extract of basil leaves based on variations in gelatin binding agents. Basil leaves were extracted using the sonication method with 96% ethanol solvent and subjected to phytochemical screening (test tube and TLC). Tablets were formulated using the wet granulation method with variations of gelatin in formula 1 (5%), formula 2 (7.5%), and formula 3 (10%). The physical properties of the granules are evaluated and compressed. The resulting tablets were evaluated for physical properties. The results showed that basil leaves contained compounds belonging to the class of flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The results of the granule flow time test for formula 1 and 2 did not meet the requirements, formula 3 met the requirements for the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition III. The angle of repose, settling, and granule water content tests (formula 1, 2, and 3) met the requirements of the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition III. The results of tablet evaluation in the weight uniformity test for formulas 1, 2, and 3 were 257 mg ± 0.226; 248 mg ± 0.068 and 253 mg ± 0.157. Tablet hardness test of 3.721 kg ± 0.268; 4.221 kg ± 0.929 and 6.636 kg ± 1.035. Tablet friability test of 3.4% ± 0.152; 1.1% ± 0.264 and 0.9% ± 0.1. The disintegration time test was 7.6 minutes ± 2.452; 11 minutes ± 2.154 and 18.6 minutes ± 4.016. From this study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of basil leaves has secondary metabolites of flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Variations in gelatin binder affect the physical properties of the tablet, where the concentration of gelatin binder is best in formula 3 (10%).
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