<p class="teks">Salinitas menghambat pertumbuhan dan menurunkan produktivitas tanaman. Ameliorasi tanah salin diperlukan untuk mengurangi pengaruh buruk salinitas tanah terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggap kacang hijau terhadap ameliorasi pada tanah salin. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balitkabi Malang pada Maret-Juni 2014 menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, lima ulangan. Faktor I adalah dua tingkat salinitas tanah yaitu: tanah dengan DHL 2-2,3 dS/m dan DHL 2,8-3,2 dS/m. Faktor II adalah pemberian amelioran terdiri atas kontrol, 120 kg K₂O/ha, 2,5 t/ha dolomit, 2,5 t/ha gipsum, 2,5 t/ha organik. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tajuk dan akar, indeks kandungan klorofil daun, hasil dan komponen hasil, analisis tanah sebelum tanam dan sesudah panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan salinitas tanah 2,0-2,3 dS/m dan 2,8-3,2 dS/m berpengaruh buruk terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau. Semua peubah pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil mengalami penurunan akibat peningkatan salinitas kecuali kandungan klorofil daun yang relatif tetap. Pemberian amelioran gipsum dosis 2,5 t/ha berpeluang efektif memperbaiki pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau. Penambahan amelioran yang mengandung K, Ca, dan Mg mampu meningkatkan kandungan hara K, Ca, dan Mg serta memperbaiki keseimbangan K/Na, Ca/Na, dan Mg/Na dalam tanaman, namun tidak efektif mengurangi pengaruh negatif salinitas. Diperlukan pencucian garam dari daerah perakaran untuk menurunkan tingkat salinitas agar sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman.</p><p class="teks"> </p><p class="teks"><em>Kata kunci: salinitas, ameliorasi, kacang hijau</em></p>

Groundnut cultivation on saline soil facing complex problems associated with high electrical conductivity (EC), toxic effects of Na cation, imbalance nutrients, and N and P deficiency. Objective of this research was to determine optimum rate of N and P fertilizers for groundnut on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Lamongan (EC 8-15 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N, high P) and Tuban (EC 8-16 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N and P) during dry season year 2017. Treatment consisted of two factors, and the combinations were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg N/ha), and the second factor was four P fertilizer rates (0, 36, 72, and 108 kg P 2 O 5 /ha). Results showed that nitrogen fertilization had no effect on plant height, number of filled pod and plant stand, but improved chlorophyll content, increased100 seed weight, harvest index and yield. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on all parameters observed, except on 100 seed weight and plant stand. The yield response to N fertilization was linear and quadratic, depending on the location. The optimum N rates was 62-69 kg N/ha. The results indicated that N fertilization had more important role than P fertilization for increasing groundnut yield on saline soil, although the growth did not improve.

<p>Soil salinity has negative effect on crop growth and crop productivity. Information on the response of groundnut varieties to salinity is required for varietal selection adaptable to saline  soil condition. The research was conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Iletri), Malang, East Java from July to September 2013. The objective of the research was to study the effect of salinity on groundnut growth.<br />Ten groundnut varieties, consisted of seven varieties of Spanish type and three varieties of Valencia type, were tested on six levels of soil salinity. The treatment combinations were arranged in randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The soil salinity level was obtained by treating soil media using sea water dilution. Observations were made on electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, plant height, leaf chlorophyll content index, shoot<br />and root dry weight, number and dry weight of pods, and number and dry weight of normal seeds. Results showed that increasing the salinity level inhibited both vegetative and generative growth and the critical age to the plants affected by salinity was 45-65days after sowing. All variables of plant growth and yield components decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest EC value of the soil for groundnut planting to produce pods and seeds was 1.60-1.84 dS/m. Based on the growth variables, varieties of Valencia-type semed to be more tolerant to salinity than did Spanish-type, but there was no tolerance difference based on crop yield and yield components between the two groundnut groups. Higher tolerance of Valencia type was probably due to its ability to absorb and translocate more K in saline conditions. Among the Valencia type varieties tested, Domba variety indicated the most tolerance.</p>

Productivity of agricultural land in coastal area is limited by salinity. Planting tolerant variety combined with amelioration is an effective management to increase productivity of salt affected land. The objective of this study was to identify effective ameliorant for improving growth and yield of groundnut on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Tuban from May to September 2015. The trial consisted of two factors that were arranged in a completely randomized block design, three replications. The first factor was two groundnut varieties (Domba and Hypoma 1). The second factor was six soil ameliorations (control, 120 kg/ha K2O, 2.5 t/ha dolomite, 2,5 t/ha of gypsum, 2.5 t/ha of manure, and 1.5 t/ha of gypsum + 2.5 t/ha of manure). Results showed that Domba and Hypoma 1 varieties could tolerate and completed their life cycle at insitu saline condition. Hypoma 1 was more prospective to be developed in saline condition associated with higher survival as well as better pod setting and seed development than Domba. Combination of gypsum and manure provided better effect than other treatments in improving saline soil, since it reduced exchangeable Na, Na saturation, and EC of soil, and also improved groundnut yield.

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Abstract:Agricultural lands affected by salt facing complex problems associated with soil salinity and the toxicity effects of Na cation. Soil amelioration and mulching is an alternative to alleviate negative effect of salinity. Objective of research was to identify effective ameliorant, and effect of mulching in improving growth and yield of groundnut on saline soil. The research had been conducted on saline soil (soil EC 12 dS/m) in Lamongan during dry season of 2016, using Hypoma 2 cultivar. Treatments that consisted of two factors were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates. The main plot was mulching (without mulching and mulching with 3.5 t/ha of rice straw), and the sub plot was soil ameliorations (control, 120 kg/ha K 2 O, 750 kg/ha S, 5 t/ha gypsum, 5 t/ha manure, and 1.5 t/ha of gypsum + 5 t/ha manure). Results showed that mulching, and amelioration with 120 kg/ha K 2 O, 750 kg/ha S, 5 t/ha gypsum decreased soil EC, but could not improve groundnut growth and could not retard chlorophyll degradation because the soil was EC still high (12.5 dS/m). The higher yield (1.49 t/ha dry pods) can be obtained by amelioration with 750 kg sulphur/ha combined with mulching. Keywords: amelioration, groundnut, mulching, salinityTo cite this article: Taufiq, A., Wijanarko, A. and Kristiono, A.2017. Effect of mulching and amelioration on growth and yied of groundnut on saline soil. J. Degrade. Min. Land Manage. 4(4): 945-954,

Indonesia has large swamplands that could be developed into agricultural land for food crops. The physico-chemical characters of the soil in this agroecology, however, are generally unfavorable for the crop growth. Soybean yield of more than 2.0 t/ha might be achieved by implementing a suitable cultural practice. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness, technical as well as financial feasibilities of improved soybean cultural practice (Kepas technology) on swampland. The research was conducted on swampland, in Jambi and South Kalimantan Provinces in 2018 on an area of 40 ha and 11 ha, respectively. The main components of the Kepas technology consisted of Anjasmoro improved variety, drainage canal on every 2.5 m or 3 m, soil amelioration using 750 kg/ha dolomite plus 1 t/ha organic fertilizer, and inorganic fertilization of 150 kg/ha Phonska and 100 kg/ha SP36. Results showed that practicing of such technology was effective to increase soybean grain yield on swampland, achieving an average of 2.3 t/ha in Jambi and 1.9 t/ha in South Kalimantan. The Kepas technology was technically and financially considered feasible, with the R/C ratio of 2.02 and 1.46, and the B/C ratio of 1.02 and 0.46 in Jambi and South Kalimantan, respectively. Break even points (BEP) of applying Kepas technology was Rp 4,445 per kg of grain at a yield of 1.14 t/ha and Rp 5,818 per kg of grain at a yield of 1.30 t/ha in Jambi and South Kalimantan, respectively.

<p>Lahan pasang surut merupakan kawasan potensial untuk perluasan areal tanam kedelai namun kemasaman dan kejenuhan Al tanah yang tinggi, serta ketersediaan unsur hara yang rendah merupakan masalah yang harus dihadapi. Oleh karena itu perlu pengelolaan kesuburan tanah yang memadukan ameliorasi, pemupukan, pemanfaatan mikroorganisme, dan varietas yang adaptif. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji kesesuaian varietas, pupuk organik, dan pupuk hayati untuk peningkatan produktivitas kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pasang surut tipe C di Jambi pada musim kemarau (Juni-Oktober) 2017 seluas 5 ha. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan percobaan petak terbagi, empat ulangan (petani kooperator sebagai ulangan). Petak utama adalah empat varietas kedelai  (Anjasmoro, Dena 1, Deja 2, dan Devon 1), dan anak petak adalah tiga kombinasi pupuk organik dengan pupuk hayati Agrisoy (1.500 kg/ha pupuk kandang, 1.500 kg/ha pupuk kandang + Agrisoy, dan  1.500 kg/ha pupuk organik Santap M + Agrisoy). Pupuk dasar 200 kg/ha Phonska dan 100 kg/ha SP36 diaplikasikan pada semua perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa kedelai varietas Anjasmoro, Dena 1, Deja 2, dan Devon 1 dapat dikembangkan dengan baik pada lahan pasang surut tipe C dengan pH tanah 4,5 dan kejenuhan Al  32,35%, dengan menggunakan amelioran dolomit 1,5 t/ha dan pupuk kandang 1,5 t/ha. Empat varietas tersebut mampu menghasilkan biji kedelai &gt;2 t/ha dengan penambahan  200 kg Phonska + 100 kg SP36/ha. Pada lahan pasang surut yang sudah biasa ditanami kedelai, tidak diperlukan tambahan pupuk hayati berbahan baku rhizobium.  Penggunaan pupuk kandang untuk budi daya kedelai di lahan pasang surut, dari aspek ekonomi dan teknis (kemudahan mendapatkannya) lebih layak daripada penggunaan pupuk organik Santap M.</p>