Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization for groundnut in saline soil

Abstract

Groundnut cultivation on saline soil facing complex problems associated with high electrical conductivity (EC), toxic effects of Na cation, imbalance nutrients, and N and P deficiency. Objective of this research was to determine optimum rate of N and P fertilizers for groundnut on saline soil. The trial was conducted on saline soil in Lamongan (EC 8-15 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N, high P) and Tuban (EC 8-16 dS/m, pH>8.0, low N and P) during dry season year 2017. Treatment consisted of two factors, and the combinations were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg N/ha), and the second factor was four P fertilizer rates (0, 36, 72, and 108 kg P 2 O 5 /ha). Results showed that nitrogen fertilization had no effect on plant height, number of filled pod and plant stand, but improved chlorophyll content, increased100 seed weight, harvest index and yield. Phosphorus fertilization had no effect on all parameters observed, except on 100 seed weight and plant stand. The yield response to N fertilization was linear and quadratic, depending on the location. The optimum N rates was 62-69 kg N/ha. The results indicated that N fertilization had more important role than P fertilization for increasing groundnut yield on saline soil, although the growth did not improve.

Influence of Trichoderma as a seed treatment on the growth and yield of groundnut under saline environment

“…The treatments did not significantly affect yield and yield attributes but significantly affected the percentage of plant population at harvest and harvest index (Table 5). This shows that N fertilization is important for groundnut grown on saline soils with low N and high P, and this result is in line with a study conducted by Taufiq et al (2018). Notes: p<0.01, p<0.05, 0.05<p<0.1, and p>0.1 are significant at 1%, 5%, 10%, and not significant; numbers in one column with the same letters or without letters are not significantly different with LSD test; 1) variance analysis use transformed-data by √x; 2) HI=harvest index, calculated based on 10 plant samples.…”

“…The highest pod yields (fresh pods) of Hypoma 1 and Domba cultivars on saline soil in Tuban and Lamongan with the ECs of 11.06-13.90 dS/m during the dry season in 2015 were 1.78 t/ha and 1.13 t/ha, respectively (Taufiq et al, 2016). The highest fresh pod yield of Hypoma 2 cultivar on saline soil in Lamongan with the ECs of 11.0-14.5 dS/m during the dry season in 2016 was 3.99 t/ha (Taufiq et al, 2017), and on saline soil with the ECs of 13.3-18.4 dS/m in 2017 yielded 1.31 t/ha in Tuban and 2.96 t/ha in Lamongan (Taufiq et al, 2018). This shows that the effect of salinity on decreasing cultivar yield is very significant.…”

“…(T1): 69 kg N/ha, (T2): T1 + 36 kg P2O5/ha, (T3): T1 + Trichoderma #1, (T4) T1 + Trichoderma #2, (T5) T1 + Trichoderma #3, and (T6) T1 + Trichoderma #4 were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The T1 and T2 were the best treatments identified from the experiment conducted in the previous year (Taufiq et al 2018). SP36 (36% P2O5) and Urea (46% N) were used as phosphorous (P) and N fertilizers.…”

“…In general, the soil properties in this study site had high fertility as indicated by moderate to very high macronutrients, except for N. Groundnut crops on this soil was potentially hampered by low N levels, high soil EC, very high Na content as well as high Na saturation. In saline soils with N-total from 0.13 to 0.26% of N and high available P, groundnut was responsive to N fertilization, but was not responsive to P fertilization (Taufiq et al, 2018). Farmers in the study area only used Urea fertilizer for groundnut cultivation with a dose reaching to 276 kg N/ha (Kasemu, personal communication).…”

“…Minimizing the negative effects of salinity is practical management for economic reasons, easier to be adopted and implemented. Cultivation of salttolerant cultivars (Sembiring et al, 2020;Subekti et al, 2020), fertilization with sulphur (Nazar et al, 2011), potassium (Kopittke 2012), nitrogen (Taufiq et al, 2018), gypsum and manure (Kahlon et al, 2012;Murtaza et al, 2013;Taufiq et al, 2015), as well as mulching (Dong, 2012;Taufiq et al, 2017) have been reported as effective practices for alleviating food crop stress on saline soil. Certain microbes which are able to colonize rhizosphere induce systemic resistance on crops (Berg et al, 2014;Bisen et al, 2016), supply organic compounds from decomposition activities which trigger the number of soil microbes (Mbarki et al, 2016), and produce plant growth hormones and other organic compounds (Cripps-Guazzone et al, 2016;.…”