Older adults (aged 65+) are still less likely to adopt the Internet when compared to other age groups, although their usage is increasing. To explore the societal effects of Internet usage, scholars have been using social capital as an analytical tool. Social capital pertains to the resources that are potentially available in one’s social ties. As the Internet becomes a prominent source of information, communication, and participation in industrialized countries, it is critical to study how it affects social resources from an age-comparative perspective. Research has found a positive association between Internet use and social capital, though limited attention has been paid to older adults. Studies have also found a positive association between social capital and wellbeing, health, sociability, and social support amongst older adults. However, little is known about how Internet usage or lack thereof relates to their social capital. To address this gap, we used a mixed-methods approach to examine the relationship between Internet usage and social capital and whether and how it differs by age. For this, we surveyed a representative sample of 417 adults (18+) living in Lisbon, Portugal, of which 118 are older adults. Social capital was measured through bonding, bridging, and specific resources, and analyzed with Latent Class Modeling and logistic regressions. Internet usage was measured through frequency and type of use. Fourteen follow-up semi-structured interviews helped contextualize the survey data. Our findings show that social capital decreased with age but varied for each type of Internet user. Older adults were less likely to have a high level of social capital; yet within this age group, frequent Internet users had higher levels than other users and non-users. On the one hand, the Internet seems to help maintain, accrue, and even mobilize social capital. On the other hand, it also seems to reinforce social inequality and accumulated advantage (known as the Matthew effect).
Objective: to measure the prevalence of frailty syndrome in elderly inpatients in a hospital institution. Methods: cross-sectional study using a sample of 99 subjects aged 65 or older, Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2013 July-Aug.;21(4):891-8.
O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar a prevalência de uso não-médico de medicamentos entre escolares da rede de ensino público e privado de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e sua distribuição em relação a fatores sócio-demográficos. Por meio de um delineamento transversal, foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento a 5.057 estudantes a partir da quinta série do ensino fundamental até o terceiro ano do ensino médio. O questionário continha perguntas sobre o uso, sem receita médica, de anfetamínicos, ansiolíticos, barbitúricos, anticolinérgicos, opiáceos, orexígenos e anabolizantes. Da amostra, 7,7% consumiram ansiolíticos alguma vez na vida, 6,4% consumiram anfetamínicos, 2,2%, anabolizantes, e 1,1%, barbitúricos. Estudantes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior consumo de ansiolíticos e anfetamínicos, enquanto que o consumo de anabolizantes foi maior no sexo masculino. O padrão de consumo de medicamentos psicoativos é semelhante ao observado em adultos, sugerindo a necessidade de inclusão de crianças e adolescentes nas campanhas educativas para prevenção do uso indevido de medicamentos.
SUMMARYToxocara canis is a common canine nematode parasite and one of its possible transmission mechanisms is the predation of infected rodents by canids. Fifty Rattus norvegicus were used to study behavioral alterations in rodents infected by T. canis larvae. The rats were divided into three groups: G1, 20 rats infected with 300 T. canis eggs; G2, 20 rats infected with 2,000 T. canis eggs; and G3, 10 non-infected rats. Thirty and 60 days post-infection, rats from all the groups were submitted to an open-field apparatus for five min and subsequently, to an elevated plus-maze apparatus, again for five min. The data obtained indicated improvement in mobility (total locomotion time and rearing frequency) and exploratory behavior in infected rats, principally in G2, which provides some support for the hypothesis that behavioral alterations in rodents infected by Toxocara canis larvae enhance the transmission rate of this ascarid to dogs.
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is an independent platform language that allows the creation of nonimmersive virtual environments (VEs) and their use through the Internet. In these VEs, the viewer may navigate and interact with virtual objects, moving around and visualizing them from different angles. Students can benefit from this technology, because it permits them access to objects, which describe the topics covered in their studies in addition to oral and written information. In this work, we investigate the aspects involved in the use of VEs in teaching and learning and propose a conceptual model, called MAT3D, as a learning environment that can be used for the teaching and learning of mathematics. A case study is also presented, in which students use a virtual environment modeled in VRML. Data resulting from this study is analyzed statistically to evaluate the impact of this prototype when applied to the actual teaching and learning of mathematics.
Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito do repouso e do exercício, realizados no solo e na água, sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e o volume de diurese em indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos. Foram analisados 20 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos, normotensos (GN, n=8) e hipertensos (GH, n=12). Em ambos foram realizados quatro protocolos distintos, dois de exercícios e dois de repouso, no solo e na água. A PAS, PAD e FC foram mensuradas durante repouso e aos 30, 60 e 90 minutos após cada protocolo. O volume de diurese foi corrigido pelo peso corporal e coletado 30 minutos após cada protocolo. No GH, o protocolo de exercício no solo promoveu redução média de 16,5±3,7 mmHg (p=0,01) da PAS aos 90 minutos pós-exercício. No GN, o protocolo de repouso na água promoveu redução média de 14 bpm (p<0,01) da FC e o volume de diurese foi maior quando comparado aos protocolos realizados no solo (p<0,01). Portanto, a imersão desencadeou bradicardia e aumento do volume de diurese no GN. Não houve efeito hipotensor significativo nos protocolos realizados na água em ambos os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que uma sessão de exercício físico no solo com duração de 45 minutos, em intensidade submáxima, provoca redução da PAS em indivíduos hipertensos.
OBJETIVO: Verificar o diagnóstico otoneurológico de idosos com tontura e a interferência deste sintoma na qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 56 idosos com tontura, com média de idade de 71,2 anos, submetidos à avaliação otoneurológica que envolveu: audiometria tonal, audiometria vocal, imitanciometria, provas de equilíbrio, pesquisa do nistagmo e vertigem de posição e posicionamento e vectoeletronistagmografia. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, utilizou-se um questionário específico para tontura, o Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), que verifica os efeitos incapacitantes provocados por este distúrbio. RESULTADOS: A tontura rotatória foi referida por 29 pacientes (51,8%), 75% apresentaram alguma queixa auditiva e 69,6% apresentaram audiometria alterada. Os pacientes com queixas vestibulares de tontura posicional apresentaram diferença significativa para o aspecto físico do DHI. Já os pacientes com queixas vestibulares de desequilíbrio apresentaram diferença significativa para os aspectos funcional e emocional. A vectoeletronistagmografia computadorizada esteve alterada em 47 pacientes (83,9%), indicando comprometimento vestibular periférico em todos os casos. No exame pós-calórico, a hiperreflexia foi a alteração mais prevalente e o diagnóstico mais frequente foi o de síndrome Vestibular Periférica Deficitária à Esquerda. Com relação à qualidade de vida, o aspecto funcional apresentou o maior escore médio entre os três aspectos avaliados, e observou-se diferença significativa entre os aspectos funcional e o emocional. CONCLUSÃO: Idosos com tontura apresentam, em sua maioria, alterações na audiometria e na vectoeletronistagmografia, indicando disfunção do sistema cócleo-vestibular; apresentam também qualidade de vida comprometida.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic diseases in the elderly, being a frequent cause of incapacity among this population. It is more common in the knee and is characterized by pain, stiffness and function loss. Conventional physiotherapy, through the training of muscle strength, is described as a satisfactory method to improve functional limitations of such individuals. Wii therapy, through the use of Nintendo's wii videogame and the wii fit platform, is being used as therapeutic resource for the rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal diseases. This study aimed at comparing the effects of conventional physiotherapy and wii therapy on pain, stiffness, functional incapacity and balance of elderly women with knee OA. METHODS: Sample was made up of 71 women with knee OA and users of a support group for the elderly from the city of Passo Fundo-RS, being 33 (Group I) submitted to conventional physiotherapy and 38 (Group II) submitted to wii therapy. Evaluated parameters were pain, stiffness and functional incapacity through The Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, and balance through Berg Balance Scale. RESULTS: Elderly women submitted to conventional physiotherapy (group I) have presented, as compared to wii therapy (group II), lower pain scores (11.
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