BackgroundThe Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, “ERICA”) is a multicenter, school-based country-wide cross-sectional study funded by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, which aims at estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, including those included in the definition of the metabolic syndrome, in a random sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Approximately 85,000 students were assessed in public and private schools. Brazil is a continental country with a heterogeneous population of 190 million living in its five main geographic regions (North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast). ERICA is a pioneering study that will assess the prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian adolescents using a sample with national and regional representativeness. This paper describes the rationale, design and procedures of ERICA.Methods/DesignParticipants answered a self-administered questionnaire using an electronic device, in order to obtain information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, sleeping hours, common mental disorders and reproductive and oral health. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist circumference) and blood pressure were also be measured. Blood was collected from a subsample of approximately 44,000 adolescents for measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin.DiscussionThe study findings will be instrumental to the development of public policies aiming at the prevention of obesity, atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes in an adolescent population.

Este estudo descritivo coletou informações sociodemográficas, obstétricas e relacionadas ao diagnóstico e tratamento da gestante/puérpera e parceiro das 67 gestantes/puérperas notificadas no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, usuárias de maternidades públicas do Distrito Federal, Brasil, entre 2009 e 2010. As informações do acompanhamento clínico e laboratorial recebido pela criança vieram do prontuário médico hospitalar, fichas de notificação compulsória e Cartão da Criança. Das gestantes, 41,8% foram adequadamente tratadas, o principal motivo para a inadequação foi a ausência (83,6%) ou inadequação do tratamento do parceiro (88,1%). Mais de um terço necessitou de novo tratamento na maternidade por falta de documentação terapêutica no pré-natal. Dos recém-nascidos com sífilis congênita, 48% fizeram estudo radiográfico, 42% passaram por punção liquórica e 36% deles não receberam qualquer tipo de intervenção. Nota-se, assim, que a qualidade do pré-natal recebido pela gestante não é suficiente para garantir o controle da sífilis congênita e o alcance da meta de incidência da doença.

The incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children is increasing in Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil, and the global pattern of incidence was classified as high or very high, mainly in the last 10 yr. All Brazilian regions should be involved in the study.

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Conclusion These data suggest a high burden of TV and co-infection with CT. Public health surveillance focusing on CT infection may consider routine screening of other STIs, including TV, in local populations to reduce STI morbidity. Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil This descriptive study set the profile of pregnant with positive VDRL followed at public maternity hospitals in Federal District, Brazil, of the newborns children of mothers with syphilis that showed clinic signs of congenital disease and verified approach according with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. The study verified the percentage of pregnant women who had access to prenatal care and were inadequately treated and the percentage of newborns with inadequate clinical management in accordance with the recommendations of the MS. We interviewed 67 pregnant as postpartum women who reported to the National System of Disease Notification, users of five public hospitals of the DF and consulted information from medical records and from prenatal care charts, when available. The information relating to the clinical and laboratory received to the children were supplemented with data from medical records, compulsory notification forms of syphilis, from prenatal care charts and the child health card, when available. Data were collected on sociodemographic, obstetric, information related to diagnosis, treatment of pregnant and puerperal women their partners and treatment of newborns into delivery. Only 41.8% patients were adequately treatment and main reason for inadequacy was the lack of treatment (83.6%) or inadequate treatment of the partner (88.1%). The study demonstrated the need for new treatment of the mother at the hospital for lack of documentation of the treatment in prenatal care. There was disagreement with the recommendations of the MS to follow-up of newborns with congenital syphilis in relation to radiographic study only 48% children carried out and lumbar pucture was required only 42%. It was observed that 36% newborns not received any treatment. Our date demonstrates that the quality of prenatal care received by pregnant women is not sufficient to ensure control of congenital syphilis an reaching the goal of controlling the disease. In the years 1996-2012 all together 4966 pregnant women infected with syphilis were registered in Belarus (8.36% from the general number of the women with syphilis for this period -59426 cases). Primary syphilis was diagnosed in 13.2% of patients, secondary syphilis -30.5%, latent early syphilis -55.9%, latent late syphilis -0.4%. Disease has been revealed in I trimester of pregnancy in 56.7% of patients, II trimester -23.2%, III trimester -17.5%, after delivery -2.6%. 45.1% of women have made abortion after disease revealing. Maternal and Congenital SyPhiliS reMain a ChallengeThere are 127 children with congenital syphilis (CS) registered in 1994-2012 in Belarus in total, but last two years cases of CS have not been registered. Among women which have given birth to children with CS prim...

Heari ng loss and tinnitus impact the lives of workers in every instance of their lives. Aim: this paper aims to investigate the existence of a dose-response relationship between hearing loss and tinnitus by determining whether higher levels of hearing loss can be associated with increased tinnitus-related discomfort. Materials and method: this cross-sectional case study assessed 284 workers exposed to occupational noise through pure tone audiometry. Test results were categorized as defined by Merluzzi. Individuals complaining of tinnitus answered the adapted and validated Brazilian Portuguese version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. A generalized linear model was adjusted for binomial data to test the interaction between these factors. Results: over 60% of the ears analyzed had hearing loss, while more than 46% of them had tinnitus. Tinnitus prevalence and risk rates increased as pure tone audiometry results got worse. The association between both, considering all hearing loss degrees, was statistically significant. Conclusion: the results point to a statistical association between hearing loss and tinnitus; the greater the hearing loss, the greater the discomfort introduced by tinnitus.

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O aborto faz parte da realidade brasileira e deve ser abordado pelos programas públicos de saúde e enfatizado na formação dos profissionais da área. Este trabalhou buscou identificar e comparar o conhecimento da legislação brasileira relativa ao aborto entre estudantes de curso médico, verificar entre os concluintes as abordagens recebidas com relação ao aborto durante o curso e discutir possíveis implicações para o desempenho profissional. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante a aplicação de um questionário estruturado a todos os estudantes do 1º e 6º ano do curso médico (90 alunos em cada turma) de uma Universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, e os dados foram analisados com o pacote estatístico SPSS, versão 17. Verificou-se que não há diferença entre o conhecimento dos alunos do 1º e 6º ano com relação aos casos previstos na legislação brasileira para a prática do aborto. Embora 87% dos concluintes mencionem ter recebido algum conteúdo a respeito do tema aborto, 72,7% não consideravam que esse conteúdo era suficiente para o conhecimento que deveriam ter na formação médica. Considera-se fundamental revisitar a formação médica que, além do conhecimento técnico, deve incorporar questões do direito sexual e reprodutivo na saúde da mulher.