The objective of this study was to verify an association between noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)

Background Non-health workers engaged in essential activities during the pandemic are less researched on the effects of COVID-19 than health workers. Objective to study the differences between those who work away from home and those who do so from home, when the effects of fear of contagion cross with those of confinement, about the psychological distress during the COVID-19 in Spain. Design Observational descriptive cross-sectional study . Data sources The study was carried out receiving 1089 questionnaires from non-health workers that were working away from home and doing so from their homes. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and occupational data, physical symptoms, self-perceived health, use of preventive measures and possible contacts, and the Goldberg GHQ-12. Results 71.6% of non-health female workers and 52.4% of non-health male workers had psychological distress, with differences among those working away from home and those working from home. The level of psychological distress among non-health workers is predicted by 66.5% through the variables: being a woman, 43 years old or younger, having a home with no outdoor spaces, poor perception of health, number of symptoms, and having been in contact with contaminated people or material. Among workers who work away from home, being self-employed is another predictive variable of distress . Conclusion More than the half of the sample showed inadequate management of the psychological distress. There are modifiable factors which provide necessary elements to support a positive attitude of the workers, such as: knowledge of hygiene, transmission of the virus, protective measures, and social distancing measures.

This descriptive study collected socio-demographic, obstetric, and diagnostic and treatment-related data from pregnant and postpartum women and their partners, for the 67 pregnant or postpartum women reported with syphilis to the National System of Diseases of Notification, users of public maternity hospitals in the Federal District of Brazil from 2009 to 2010. Data on clinical and laboratory follow-up of the newborn were obtained from the hospital patient charts, compulsory notification forms, and Infant Health Cards. Of the pregnant women, 41.8% were adequately treated; the main reason for inadequate treatment was the absence (83.6%) or inadequate treatment of the partner (88.1%). More than a third required repeat treatment at the maternity hospital due to lack of documentation of treatment during the prenatal period. Of the newborns diagnosed with congenital syphilis, 48% received radiographic investigation, 42% received a spinal tap, and 36% failed to receive any kind of intervention. Thus, the quality of prenatal care was insufficient to guarantee the control of congenital syphilis and achieve the goal of reducing incidence of the disease.

The prevalence of MS increases with the worsening of glucose tolerance and is an independent predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes; impaired glycaemic profile identifies pregnancies with important metabolic abnormalities that are linked to the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes even in the presence of a normal OGTT, in patients that are not currently classified as having GDM.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características da gerência das unidades de atenção primária à saúde e o perfil dos gerentes e discutir as implicações desses elementos para a efetivação dos pressupostos do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil de forma coerente com as proposições de Alma-Ata. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal, com dados colhidos pelo questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB), um instrumento autoaplicado via web . O QualiAB foi respondido voluntariamente por 157 gerentes de unidades básicas de saúde de 41 municípios do estado de São Paulo entre outubro e dezembro de 2014. Resultados Das 157 unidades, 67 (42,7%) eram unidades de saúde da família e 58 (36,9%) eram unidades básicas de saúde de organização “tradicional”; 95 (60,5%) se localizavam em região urbana periférica. No momento do estudo, oito (5,0%) unidades não possuíam gerente e oito (5,0%) eram gerenciadas por secretários municipais de saúde. Quase 80% dos gerentes eram enfermeiros e desempenhavam múltiplas funções além da gerência. O matriciamento (supervisão técnica como forma de educação permanente) era feito em 75 (47,7%) unidades; 60 (38,2%) unidades não contavam com nenhum tipo de matriciamento. A participação em processos avaliativos foi referida por 130 (82,8%) serviços. Os principais desdobramentos induzidos por avaliações foram planejamento e reprogramação das atividades com participação da equipe multiprofissional em 40 unidades (25,5%) e definição de um plano anual de atividades em 38 (24,2%). Não tiveram acesso aos resultados das avaliações 29 unidades (17,8%). Conclusão O estudo recoloca a importância da gestão do trabalho e a necessidade de (re)investir na formação e valorização do gerenciamento local como estratégia para efetivar uma atenção primária à saúde capaz de promover a saúde como direito e condição de cidadania.

ObjectiveTo assess whether exposure to occupational noise is an important risk factor for work-related injuries. Methods A population-based case-control study was performed. Data collection was carried out from May 16, 2002 to October 15, 2002 in the city of Botucatu, southeast Brazil. Cases were defined as workers who had suffered typical work-related injuries in a 90-day period previously to the study, and who identified through systematic random sampling of their households. Controls were non-injured workers randomly sampled from the same population, matched on 3:1 ratio according to sex, age group and census track. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted, where the independent variable was exposure to occupational noise, controlled for covariates of interest. Results A total of 94 cases and 282 controls were analyzed. An adjusted multiple regression model showed that "work always exposed to high-level noise" and "work sometimes exposed to high-level noise" were associated to a relative risk for work-related injuries of about 5.0 (95% CI: 2.8-8.7; p<0.001) and 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8-7.4; p=0.0003) respectively, when work not exposed to noise was taken as a reference, controlled for several covariates. Conclusions Based on the study findings, investing in hearing conservation programs, particularly those for controlling noise emission at its source, is justifiable aiming at both hearing health maintenance and reduction of work-related injuries.

Background: A review of validated methods for assessing female sexual dysfunction and a review of male and female sexual dysfunction did not refer to any specific questionnaire for evaluating sexuality during pregnancy. A study was performed at

Methods by which the population should be informed when going through a pandemic such as COVID-19 have been questioned because of its influence on the adoption of preventive measures and its effects on mental health. Non-health workers are at risk of psychological distress from exposure to contaminated people or materials or by having to stay at home and adapt their activity to telework. The objective of the study is to analyze information the public receives about COVID-19 and its influence on their level of distress. For this, 1089 questionnaires from non-health workers were collected online between 26 March and 26 April 2020 in Spain, and analysed and distributed by snowball effect. 492 participants carried out essential activities away from home, and 597 did so from home. They were surveyed about information received about COVID-19 regarding its source, time, assessment, or the beliefs expressed in it. Mental health was also measured with Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The classification and regression tree (CART) method was used to design a binary tree with sample cases. It has been found that the time spent learning about COVID-19 and the level of knowledge about symptoms, pathways, prevention, treatment, or prognosis are associated with the level of distress, where 25% of participants were found to have spent more than 3 h daily on this activity. Social media and television are the most widely used sources, but they are considered to be of lower quality and usefulness than official sources. There is greater confidence in healthcare professionals than in the health system, and the main concern of those working away from home is spreading the virus to family members. It has been concluded that there is a need to enhance quality and truthful information on the Internet for non-health workers due to its accessibility, which should be constantly updated, a fact which international and national public bodies, research centers, and journal publishers have begun to understand during the current pandemic. Such quality information is needed to combat distress.