ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan polimorfisme gen hormon pertumbuhan (leu/val) dan produksi susu pada sapi Friesian Holstein. Sampel penelitian berasal dari 62 ekor sapi yang diambil dari dua kelompok sapi Friesian Holstein (dari New Zealand=19 ekor and Australia=43 ekor). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang dilanjutkan dengan Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) menggunakan enzim restriksi AluI untuk menentukan genotip sapi. Genotip ditentukan berdasarkan target gen GH 211 bp yang terletak pada intron 4 dan exon 5 dari gen hormon pertumbuhan. Genotypes Leu/Leu (LL) pada kedua grup menunjukkan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotip Leu/Val (LV). Sapi Friesian Holstein dari New Zealand memperlihatkan genotip LL dan LV sebesar 84% dan 16%. Sapi Friesian Holstein dari Australia memiliki genotip LL dan LV sebesar 79% and 21%. Hubungan antara polimorfisme Leu/Val pada gen hormon pertumbuhan terhadap produksi susu, kadar lemak dan protein tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata pada kedua grup. Berdasarkan pengelompokan asal sapi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada kadar lemak dan protein susu. Kadar lemak dan protein susu pada sapi FH yang diimpor dari Australia lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kadar lemak dan protein susu pada sapi FH yang diimpor dari New Zealand. Kata kunci: Friesian Holstein import, gen hormon pertumbuhan, produksi susu, kadar lemak dan protein ABSTRACTThe aim of the research was to determine the associations between polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene (Leu/Val) and milk production of Friesian Holstein Cattle. A total of 62 cows which consist of two Friesian Holstein cattle groups (from New Zealand=19 heads and Australia=43 heads) were used for the research. We performed the Polymerase Chain Reaction and followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism using AluI restriction enzyme. The genotype was observed base on the target gene GH 211 bp in the part of intron 4 and exon 5 of growth hormone gene. The frequencies of genotypes LL were found higher than genotype LV in both groups. Friesian Holstein cattle from New Zealand showed the genotype LL and LV as 84% and 16%, respectively. Friesian Holstein cattle from Australia show the genotype LL and LV as 79% and 21%, respectively. The association between Leu/Val polymorphism on milk production, fat and protein content in both groups did not show the significant effect. Base on two groups of the origin of cattle, the result showed the significant different on fat and protein content of milk. Fat and protein contents of milk were higher in breed of FH imported from Australia compared to those in breed of FH imported from New Zailand.

The goal of this study was to ascertain the impact of soybean meal's temperature and heating duration as undegraded protein (UDP) on Bali cattle's dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradation kinetics. Soybean meal is a feed ingredient with high protein content, which is about 48%, and is rapidly degraded in the rumen. In this investigation, a  factorial design was employed with the first factor being temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120°C), and the second factor being heating time (10, 20, 30, and 40 min). Protected soybean meal was tested for degradation using the in sacco technique on the rumen of fistulous Bali cattle. A sample of 5.0 g was put into a nylon bag and then for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h in the rumen, then analyzed for feed residues for DM and OM. The results showed that soybean meal protected by the heating method could reduce the degradation of DM and OM in the rumen (p<0.05). Heating at 120°C for 40 min showed the lowest DM and OM degradations in this study.

The study aimed to describe lactation characteristic of Etawah Crossed Breed goats raised under intensive management. The study located in BBPTU HPT Baturraden, Purwokerto, used 27 female pregnant goats, at 24 to 27 months old. The goats were managed followed standard operating procedure of the research institute. The data consisted of body size and body weight, colostrum and milk yield, lactation period and reproductive performance. The results showed the average of daily milk yield, lactation period, total milk and colostrum production in first lactation were 960±340 mL/day, 157±41 days, 114,720±68,900 mL and 415±240 mL/day. The proportion of monthly milk production from initial lactation to dry off were 21.27, 22.17, 20.18, 17.29, 12.52, 9.13, and 5.65% of total lactation yield, respectively. Peak production ranged from first to second months of lactation, the highest was in the week 4th, averaged of 1080 mL/day. Production persistency was 66.39%. The rate of increase toward peak was 5.60%/week and rate of decline from peak was -3.92% of milk yield in the previous week. Trend equation of lactation curve was Y = 8412.7 –233.65 x. Means period of postpartum mating, service per conception and body condition score were 88.7±39.2 days, 1.2 and 3.45, respectively. There was no correlation between postpartum mating, body condition score and milk production. The study concluded that Etawah Crossed Breed goat under intensive management had short lactation period, early peak production, low persistency. The dry period was estimated 3 months and pregnancy occurred after peak production.

Farm location is an important factor in dairy farms, as it is closely associated with temperature and humidity that are crucial factors of influencing the physiological conditions and productivity of cows especially during the lactation period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of farm location on the physiological conditions and productivity of cows. The study was involved in 18 lactating Friesian-Holstein crossbreed cows in three farmer groups, i.e., Nangkasawit, Plalangan and Sumurejo. Temperature and humidity of the environment, rainfall and physiological conditions of cows (respiration rate, pulse, rectal temperature, total erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit) were observed. No influence (P > 0.05) of farm location on the parameters was observed, except for milk production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, farm location had no impact on the physiological conditions of Friesian-Holstein crossbreed cows in the district Gunungpati Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.