Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into epoxy resin-based sealer on its setting time, flowability and solubility. Methods: This study was divided into three evaluations: setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers. Each study used 20 samples, which were divided into two groups. Group 1, epoxy resin-based sealers, and group 2, epoxy resin-based sealers mixed with chitosan nanoparticles. The Gilmore needle was used to observe the setting time, a simple press method based on ISO 6876 was employed to evaluate the flowability of the sealer, and the solubility test, which was according to ISO 6876 standard, was used to determine the solubility of sealers. The surface structure of the sealers before and after the solubility test was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from each study were analyzed by an unpaired t-test with a degree of significance of 95%. Results: The results showed that the setting time of epoxy resin and epoxy resin incorporated with chitosan were 567±30.20 and 572.5±27.91 min, flowability was 25.06±0.89 and 23.18±1.06 mm, and solubility was 0.0051%±0.0016 and 0.0045%±0.0018, respectively. No significant difference occurred between epoxy resin-based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles in setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers (*P>0.05). Conclusion: The incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles produced a similar effect in setting time, flowability, and solubility as the epoxy resin-based sealer. Thus, epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles had acceptable properties in setting time, flowability, and solubility based on ISO 6876 standards.
Root canal treatment comprises of cleaning and shaping, disinfecting, and root canal obturation. The success of treatment depends on the knowledge of the operator regarding root canal morphology. The mandibular first molars usually have two roots with three canals: distal, mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual. There is a possibility of an additional distolingual root namely radix entomolaris. A 21-year-old male patient was referred to Universitas Gadjah Mada Dental Hospital for root canal treatment. After subjective and objective examination, diagnosis of tooth 36 was pulp necrosis. Dental history of patient revealed caries occurred in left mandibular molar along with spontaneous pain that lasted for hours. The referring dentist had done pulp devitalization and prescribed oral analgesics. Shaping and cleaning were performed on mesio-buccal, mesio-lingual and distal root canal followed by intracanal dressing on first visit. Three days later the patient came with complaint of spontaneous pain. After careful observation, a distolingual root was found, which previously had not been prepared. Root canal preparation was carried out on the distolingual root followed by intracanal dressing. On third visit, the tooth was asymptomatic and root canals were obturated. On fourth visit, the tooth was prepared for onlay restoration and impression was taken. Composite onlay was cemented on the fifth visit. A week later the patient came for recall and no complaints were noted. Conclusion: root canal treatment on mandibular first molars must consider the anatomic variations, such as radix entomolaris. Using proper diagnostic aids and instruments would help identify acessory root canal. A thorough root canal preparation influence the success of root canal treatment.
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