Setting Time, Flowability, and Solubility of Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer Mixed With Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles into epoxy resin-based sealer on its setting time, flowability and solubility. 
 Methods: This study was divided into three evaluations: setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers. Each study used 20 samples, which were divided into two groups. Group 1, epoxy resin-based sealers, and group 2, epoxy resin-based sealers mixed with chitosan nanoparticles. The Gilmore needle was used to observe the setting time, a simple press method based on ISO 6876 was employed to evaluate the flowability of the sealer, and the solubility test, which was according to ISO 6876 standard, was used to determine the solubility of sealers. The surface structure of the sealers before and after the solubility test was observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The data obtained from each study were analyzed by an unpaired t-test with a degree of significance of 95%.
 Results: The results showed that the setting time of epoxy resin and epoxy resin incorporated with chitosan were 567±30.20 and 572.5±27.91 min, flowability was 25.06±0.89 and 23.18±1.06 mm, and solubility was 0.0051%±0.0016 and 0.0045%±0.0018, respectively. No significant difference occurred between epoxy resin-based sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles in setting time, flowability, and solubility of sealers (*P>0.05). 
 Conclusion: The incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles produced a similar effect in setting time, flowability, and solubility as the epoxy resin-based sealer. Thus, epoxy resin-based sealer mixed with chitosan nanoparticles had acceptable properties in setting time, flowability, and solubility based on ISO 6876 standards.

Physicochemical properties of AH plus bioceramic sealer, Bio-C Sealer, and ADseal root canal sealer

“…It provides information about the degree of crystallinity and the crystalline composition [ 57 ]. The crystallinity of the dental materials provides stability and preservation of the structural integrity against degradation and solubility of the materials by the action of the environment [ 47 , 58 , 59 ]. While, XRF analysis is a rapid, and accurate test to detect chemical elemental compositions [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Thermal, chemical and physical analysis of VDW.1Seal, Fill Root ST, and ADseal root canal sealers

“…Although the crystallinity of the dental materials provides thermal stability and preservation of the structural integrity against degradation and solubility of the materials by the action of the environment 34 , 35 , still, the presence of some degree of amorphous phase permits a reasonable grade of solubility and ions leaching responsible for pH changes and precipitation, which are essential for remineralization, sealing, and tissue healing 36 – 38 .…”

Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealer with the Addition of Chitosan Nanoparticle at Various Concentrations

“…Previous studies have shown that the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to ERB sealer did not affect the physical properties of ERB sealer, which exhibited acceptable sealer for obturation material. [11][12][13] However, until now there is deliberation about the appropriate concentration of chitosan nanoparticles, which should be added to sealer. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of nanoparticle chitosan with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to the ERB sealer on its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that the addition of chitosan nanoparticles to ERB sealer did not affect the physical properties of ERB sealer, which exhibited acceptable sealer for obturation material. 11 12 13 …”