The need to divulge the rapid synthesis, non-hazardous, cost effectiveness and eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing plants is of great importance. This is as a result of high toxicity associated with the chemical method of synthesizing nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of the synthesized gold nanoparticle against selected human pathogens. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting 1 mM gold chloride solution with leaf extract of Annona muricata. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized with UV-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized gold nanoparticles were also investigated. The morphology, size, and structural properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles were determined with TEM analysis which showed spherical mono-dispersed structure with an average particle size of 25.5 nm. FTIR analysis reveal band at 3271.14, 2111.91 and 1637.82 cm −1 corresponding toN -H,-C=C, and-C-N functional groups that are responsible for the capping and stabilization of synthesized gold nanoparticles. The effectiveness of the gold nanoparticle against the test pathogens increases as the concentration of gold nanoparticle increases. The percentage of zones of inhibition of synthesized gold nanoparticle against test fungi and bacteria ranges from 30 to 66% and 40 to 54%, respectively. The potency of the synthesized gold nanoparticle against the selected fungi and bacteria increases with increase in concentration of gold nanoparticle. Therefore, the antibacterial and antifungal investigation revealed that the synthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited good antimicrobial activity.

Data from eight 1,2,4-thiadiazole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were used to observe the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activities of 1,2,4-thiadiazole-1,2,4-triazole analogues thereby reducing human lung cancer. The software used to achieve this work were Spartan 14, Pymol, mgltools_win32_1.5.6, Auto dock vina and biovia2019.ds2019client. Also, the developed QSAR model was developed using the screened descriptors so as to inspect the closeness between the experimental IC 50 and the predicted IC 50 . More so, the binding affinity from 1,2,4-thiadiazole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives - epidermal growth factor receptor kinase complexes using molecular docking approach were reported. Also, the ADMET properties for selected compounds and proposed compounds with better binding affinity were reported.

Cardiovascular disorder is one of the causes of death globally. Quite a number of medicinal plants have been demonstrated to possess and exhibit beneficial effects on cardiovascular system throuhg their antioxidant properties. The study investigated the in vivo antioxidant properties of aqueous C. albidium pulp extract on isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in albino rats. Cardiotoxicity was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg bwt) into adult albino rats and treated with the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg bwt). The levels of nitrite, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione total protein and activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were evaluated using standard methods. The concentration of total protein was also determined. Administration of ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the antioxidant status of animals. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants perturbed by the administration of ISO were restored in the C. albidium treated rats. The study concludes that the aqueous extract of C. albidum pulp protected against Isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male Albino rats.

Aim: The study investigated the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic potentials of methanol extracts of Piper guineense and Aframomum melegueta leaves with a view to utilizing the plants in the treatment and management of cardiovascular disorders. Methodology: Twenty-eight healthy albino rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups: Group I received normal saline (2 ml/kg bwt); Group II received a single dose of alloxan(150 mg/kg bwt) intraperitoneally; Group III received  alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bwt);Group IV received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) +PG (200 mg/kg bwt); Group V received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + PG (400 mg/kg bwt); Group VI received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + AM 200 (mg/kg bwt); Group VII received alloxan (150 mg/kg bwt) + AM (400 mg/kg bwt). The blood glucose level was determined before and after treatment with the extracts. The lipid: (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were estimated using the Randox diagnostic kits. Results: The results revealed that alloxan was able to induce hyperglycemia at 150 mg/kg bwt and post-treatment with P. guineense and A. melegueta at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/ kg bwt were able to significantly lower the blood glucose level which was quite apparent in AM treated groups. Also, the extracts at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to bring a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TC, TG and LDL concentrations when compared to the alloxan treated group with the highest reduction in AM treated groups. Conclusion: These results revealed that the methanol extract of P. guineense and A. melegueta elicited anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic potentials of the extracts with the highest effect observed in A. melegueta treated rats.

The present study investigated the effects of sun-drying on the antioxidant potential of three pepper varieties: Capsicum annuum var, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum annuum. Fresh fruits of the pepper varieties were collected, washed under distilled water and were divided into two parts: one for fresh sample and the other for the dried sample. Dried and fresh samples of the pepper varieties were homogenized and extracted with methanol. The concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids were evaluated; DPPH-radical scavenging activity and the FRAP potential of the extracts were also determined. The results revealed that sun-drying process significantly reduced the total phenolic content of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum from 5.91 ± 0.22 mg/g GAE, 6.9 ± 0.23 mg/g GAE, 6.67 ± 0.99 mg/g GAE to 3.31 ± 0.72 mg/g GAE, 3.59 ± 0.89 mg/g GAE, 3.01 ± 0.17 mg/g GAE respectively and flavonoid content from 3.80 ± 0.02 mg/g QE, 3.91 + 0.08 mg/g QE, 3.84 ± 0.08 mg/g QE to 1.26 ± 0.90 mg/g QE, 1.95 ± 0.07 mg/g QE, 1.23 ± 0.04 mg/g QE respectively. The result also revealed that the fresh samples of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum exhibited higher percentage inhibition of DPPH-radical at 59.4 ± 0.5%, 61.2 ± 0.6%, 58.9 ± 0.2% respectively and were significantly different from the percentage inhibition by the dried samples: 39.2 ± 0.5%, 42.4 ± 0.4%, 38.6 ± 0.6% respectively.The FRAP potential of the fresh samples of C. annuum var, C. chinense and C. annuum: 588.56 ± 29.4 ìmol Fe(II)/g, 691.34 ± 20.46 ìmol Fe(II)/g and 598.9 ± 23. 82 ìmol Fe(II)/g respectively were significantly different from the dried samples: 370.22 ± 14.75 ìmol Fe(II)/g, 392.34 ± 45.74 ìmol Fe(II)/g and 358.6 ± 30.08 ìmol Fe(II)/g respectively. The three Capsicum species are very rich in antioxidants. However, the sun drying method reduced the antioxidant capacities of the peppers, thus further studies should be carried out on the best method for the preservation of Capsicum species. Key Words: Capsicum. annuum var, C. chinense, C. annuum, Antioxidant, Sun-drying, methanolic extract

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This study examined the phytotoxicity of the extract of Datura metel. It involved the planting of seeds of monocot, yellow maize (Zea mays) and a dicot, brown bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), growth and analysis of seedlings of the two plants.Seeds of Z. mays were collected at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Ibadan and the seeds of P. vulgaris were collected at International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The leaf of D. metel was collected. The plant was identified and authenticated (FHI 111862) at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) Ibadan, Nigeria. The collected leaves were carefully washed under running tap water and air-dried at room temperature for four weeks. The dry leaves were milled into a fine powder and extracted. The phytotoxic potentials of the extract were evaluated using a standard method. At the end of the experiment, seedlings were harvested, stem and leaf were separately collected, and shoot length of seedlings was measured, and kept frozen for the estimation of total protein, soluble sugar, free amino acids, proline, and plant pigments.The findings revealed that different concentrations of aqueous extract of the leaf of D. metel retarded the rate of germination of seeds, significantly inhibited the shoot length of P. vulgaris and Z. mays and reduced concentrations of chlorophyll, free amino acids, protein, sugar, and proline.In conclusion, this study revealed that the extract exhibited a deleterious effect on germination, growth and biochemical parameters in seedlings of P. vulgaris and Z. mays.