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The study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantifolia leaves extracts against clinical isolates of some enteric bacteria of public health importance. The result of phytochemical screening of the leaves extracts shows the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, steroids, terpenoid and phenol. The result of antibacterial efficacy of the extracts against the isolates indicated that the extracts were active against the isolates with higher activity in ethanol extract (with average zone of inhibition of 14.91mm) when compared to aqueous extract (12.67mm). The result of susceptibility of the isolates to the extracts showed Shigella was more sensitive to the extract with average zone of inhibition of 14.90mm, followed by Klebsiella (14.49mm), Escherichia coli (13.77mm) and Salmonella typhi with average zone of inhibition of 12.01mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts showed that dilutions of various concentrations of aqueous and ethanol of leaves extracts can inhibit the growth or kill the isolates at a concentration of between 2.125-20mg/ml. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that there is no significant different in the activity of the extracts against the isolates used at p<0.05. Findings from this study support the use of Citrus aurantifolia leaves extracts for medicinal purposes.

Modern medicines have always depended on herbal extracts from plants as fundamental source of therapeutic ingredients. The aim of the study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed extracts against clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Total of 107 Staphylococcus isolates from infected wound and urine and were collected from Abubakar Imam Urology Center in Kano State, Nigeria over a period of eight months (October 2015 to May 2016). A disc diffusion method was used for characterization of MRSA. The phytochemical screening of the plant materials was done using conventional laboratory method while the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The result of bacterial characterization showed that eight isolates found were to be Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Phytochemical screening of the seeds, leaves and stem bark extracts indicated the presence of Alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, and Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Phenols Anthraquinone and Steroid. However, reducing sugar is absent. The antibacterial activity of the plant showed that the plant part extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effect against the test isolates with higher activity in seeds compared to leaves and stem. Statistical analysis of the result revealed that the overall average zone of inhibition shown by the extracts is 11.68 mm with methanolic seeds extract exerting the highest antibacterial effects on the test isolates with average zone of inhibition of 12.78 mm, followed by methanolic leaf extract 12.37 mm then aqueous seed extract with zone of inhibition of 11.87 mm. Least zones of inhibition were recorded in aqueous leaf extract and methanolic stem back extract with zones of inhibition of 11.28 and 10.43 mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts range from 12.5 -100 mg/ml of the extracts. Findings from this work support the use of seed extracts from G. kola as medicinal plant.

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The study was aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seeds extracts against pathogenic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Total of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from infected wound and urine were collec from Abubakar Imam Urology Center in Kano State, Nigeria over a period of seven month (December, 2016 to July, 2017), out of which 5 methicillin resistant isolates were found and tested against the extracts. Phytochemical screening of the seeds extract Alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, and Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Phenols, Anthraquinone and Steroid. However, reducing sugar is absent. The antibacterial activity of the extracts against the isolates showed that ethanol e 15.25mm) when compared to aqueous extract (14.37mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranges from 12.5 100mg/ml of the extracts. Statistical analysis of the result showed that there is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms against the extracts. Findings from this work support the use of seed extracts from