The erosion plot method for direct evaluation in agriculture became necessary to (1) quantify soil erosion on cocoa, areca and oil palm, (2) determine the most effective soil conservation, and (3) calculate nutrient content in sediment. The experiment was treated with three conservation practices and the conventional treatment as control in a completely randomised block design. The results showed for the areca land use, that soil conservation with ridges + maize produced the lowest erosion (1.68 t/ha). For cocoa land use, the ridges + groundnut treatment produced the lowest erosion (8.2 t/ha). For oil palm land use, the cover crop of Mucuna bracteata had lowest erosion yield (12.2 t/ha). Soil conservation techniques significantly affected the levels of organic C and available P under the cocoa land use, where ridges + maize have the lowest content of organic C and available P in soil sediment (1.03% and 0.69 ppm). Soil conservation at areca land use also has a significant effect on the levels of organic C and available N, but it did not affect significantly the levels of available P and exchangeable K sediments, where ridges + groundnut have lowest organic C and available N in sediment (1.4% and 0.18%). Furthermore, soil conservation on the land use of oil palm showed a significant effect on the levels of available P, but did not significantly affect the levels of organic C, available N and exchangeable K sediments. Soil conservation with cover crops Mucuna bracteata showed the lowest available P in sediments (0.86 ppm).
Gayo Lues District is known as Citronella and Arabica coffee producer in Aceh province, Indonesia. This paper aims to manage Citronella and Arabica coffee's land arrangement in the Gayo Lues District's cultivated area. This implementation is aimed at maintaining the peculiarities of citronella products and Arabica coffee. Thus, the two commodities must be separated in terms of allocated sites. The altitude for the area is 200-2,000 meters above sea level, consisting of ten classes, and the type of soils are Entisols, Oxisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols. The area's slope between 0- to 40% (4 classes) was used to delineate the land units. There are 49 land units observed within the cultivated area of 160,017.17 ha. The guidelines for land suitability classification by the Ministry of Agriculture for Citronella and Center for Coffee and Cocoa Research, Jember for Arabica coffee were utilized. The results showed that 58,275.5 hectares of land were suitable for citronella, and 13,765.75 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability of citronella inside the area of 58,275.5 ha is suitable (S2 class) and marginally suitable (S3-class) and not suitable (N-class) with limiting factors are temperature, water availability, erosion hazard, and nutrient retention. This land suitability can be improved by providing inputs to increase the level of suitability with temperature, water availability, and erosion hazard (slope) limiting factors. Also, 48,765.3 hectares can be developed for Arabica coffee, and 4,653.5 ha has been planted. The actual land suitability for Arabica coffee is Suitable, Marginal Suitable, and Not Suitable, limiting the soil's physical properties (adequate soil depth), slope, and chemical properties of the soil. Once repaired, the land's suitability becomes Suitable (S1-class) (without limiting factor), Suitable, and marginal suitable with the slope as a limiting factor. There is an area of 44,509.75 hectares of land at 200-1,400 m above sea level within the cultivation area developed with a Citronella. There is an area of 44,111.8 ha at the height of 800-2,000 m above sea level, potentially for Arabica coffee.
Arabica coffee productivity can be increased through improved cultivation techniques. This research aims to analyze Arabica coffee production to treat shading, pruning, and coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer application. The research was carried out in two stages, in the first stage a field survey was conducted to determine the relatively uniform land and plant characteristics, while in the second stage was the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer and pruning of shaded and non-shaded coffee plants by using farmer's method and the recommended methods by the authors. The application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer consists of 0, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 kg tree -1 , which is equivalent to 0, 4, 8, and 12 tons ha -1 respectively. This research was arranged in a split-plot design, with shades placed in the main plot, while pruning and the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer in the subplots. The variables observed were the number of redcherries tree -1 , greenbean (dry bean) production, and rendement (yield) production at 14% moisture content. Furthermore, the best effect and treatment were determined using variance analysis and the least significant difference (LSD). The result showed that shade only affected rendement production at 14% moisture content, coffee with shade is better than no shade, pruning affected the number of redcherries and greenbean production. Furthermore, the recommended pruning was better than farmer pruning, while coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer affected all observed variables. Therefore, the best dose is 7.50 kg tree -1 (12 ton ha -1 ) because the treatment combination (SxPxF) affected only greenbean production.
Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.
Bener Meriah district is one of the arabica coffee producing regions in Indonesia with an average production of 700-800 kg ha−1 year−1. Most of arabica coffee in this area are grown in Andisol. This study aims to determine the P status of Andisol, namely P-available, P-total, P-retention, P content of arabica coffee leaves and the correlation between soil P-available and P content of arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah district. This research was conducted using survey methods. The observed parameters were made on Andisol planted with arabica coffee which is located at an altitude of 1,200-1,400 m above mean sea level (AMSL) at slopes 0-3, 3-8, 8-15, 15-30, and >30% respectively. The results showed that Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-available ranging from 0.3 to 12.81 ppm (very low-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) had P-available at very low and low levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-total ranging from 159.4 to 1,246.7 ppm (low-very-high). Most of the Andisol observed (73.33%) have P-total at moderate, high and very high levels. Andisol Bener Meriah has a P-retention ranging from 85.2 to 87.4%. Arabica coffee leaves have P content levels ranging from 0.10% to 0.23%. Most of the arabica coffee leaves (78.57%) were observed have P content at a minimum level.; there is a close relationship between soil P-available with P content of arabica coffee leaves with a value of r = 0.97.
Abstrak: Kopi adalah komoditas utama perekonomian masyarakat di dataran tinggi Gayo. Petani kopi di Kabupaten Bener Meriah telah menerapkan sistem pertanian organik. Petani kopi organik berangapan bahwa sistem pertanian organik adalah sistem pertanian yang tidak memberikan pupuk ke tanaman hal ini karena kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan petani akan pentingnya memberikan pupuk ketanaman sehingga mengakibatkan kesuburan tanaman rendah dan produksi tanaman kopi rendah. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah pemberian kompos yang dapat dibuat dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang berada disekitar kebun kopi. Bahan kompos yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari tumbuhan gulma T. diversifolia, tumbuhan lamtoro, dan limbah kulit biji kopi. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, dengan demikian diperoleh 21 satuan percobaan yaitu : tanpa kompos, kompos lamtoro, kompos T.diversifolia, kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T.diversifolia + lamtoro, kompos T.diversifolia + limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro + limbah kulit biji kopi. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan hara N, P, dan K. Pemberian pupuk kompos T. diversifolia, kompos lamtoro, kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T.diversifolia+lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia+limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro+limbah kulit biji kopi dengan dosis 12,5 kg pohon-1 dapat meningkatkan kandungan hara nitrogen, posfor dan kalium. Pemberian pupuk kompos T. diversifolia, kompos lamtoro, kompos limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos T.diversifolia+lamtoro, kompos T. diversifolia+limbah kulit biji kopi, kompos lamtoro+limbah kulit biji kopi dapat meningkatkan kandungan fosfor pada tanaman kopi arabika(Uses of Compost as Lokal Materials Source to Increase N, P, and K Nutrient Content in Gayo Arabica Coffee Leaves Timang Gajah District, Bener Meriah Regency)Abstract: Coffee is the main economic commodity of the people in the Gayo highlands. Coffee farmers in Bener Meriah Regency have implemented an organic farming system. Organic coffee farmers think that the organic farming system is an agricultural system that does not provide fertilizer to plants, this is due to the lack of awareness and knowledge of farmers about the importance of providing plant fertilizers, resulting in low plant fertility and low coffee production. An alternative that can be used is the provision of compost which can be made by utilizing materials that are around the coffee garden. The compost material used in this study came from the weed plant T. diversifolia, lamtoro plant, and coffee bean husk waste. The design used in this study was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications, thus obtained 21 experimental units, namely: without compost, lamtoro compost, T.diversifolia compost, coffee bean shell waste compost, compost T.diversifolia+lamtoro, T.diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost+coffee bean husk waste. The parameters observed were the nutrient content of N, P, and K. The application of T. diversifolia compost, lamtoro compost, coffee bean husk waste compost, T. diversifolia+lamtoro compost, T. diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost+waste coffee bean husk with a dose of 12.5 kg tree-1 can increase the nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The application of T. diversifolia compost, lamtoro compost, coffee bean husk waste compost, T. diversifolia+lamtoro compost, T. diversifolia compost+coffee bean husk waste, lamtoro compost +coffee bean husk waste can increase the phosphorus content of arabica coffee plants.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran ketinggian tempat dan kemiringan lereng terhadap produksi kopi arabika (Coffea arabicca) di Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Hasil overlay peta ketinggian tempat, peta kelerengan, peta jenis tanah dan peta eksisting kopi Arabika diperoleh 25 satuan peta lahan untuk pengamatan produksi kopi. Dari 25 satuan peta lahan hanya diperoleh 8 satuan peta lahan yang memenuhi syarat untuk dilakukan pengamatan. Delapan SPL yang memenuhi persyaratan dimaksud adalah sesuai dengan kriteria kebun kopi yang ditanam seragam dan hampir seragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi biji bersih tertinggi terdapat pada satuan peta lahan 8 yaitu pada ketinggian tempat 1.000 – 1.200 m dpl dan kelerengan 8%.The Elevation Relation And Slope Toward Gayo 1 Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Production In Gayo LuesAbstract. The purpose of the study was to know the location with the highest production of arabicca coffee (Coffea Arabica) in Gayo Lues. The results of overlapping maps of altitude, slope maps, maps of soil types and existing maps of Arabica coffee, 25 Land maping unit were obtained for observing coffee production. of the 25 Land maping unit only 8 Land maping unit were found to be eligible for observation. 8 Land maping unit that meet the requirements are in accordance with the criteria for coffee plantations which are planted uniformly and almost uniformly. The results showed the highest net seed production found in Land maping unit 8, namely at altitudes of 1.000 – 1.200 m asl and slope 8%.
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