Soil organic matter is an indicator of soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyse various forms of soil organic carbon in citronella plantation, citronella plantation under pine tree, and soil under pine tree. Soil organic carbon in various forms was analysed from soil samples taken from each horizon and soil profile. The soil profiles observed were ultisol profiles planted with citronella, citronella under pine tree, and under pine tree, and slopes; 0-8%, 8-15%, 15 -25%, and 25-40%, in order to obtain 12 soil profiles with a total of 39 soil samples. Ultisols planted with citronella had higher soil organic carbon than ultisols planted with citronella under pine tree and ultisols under pine trees. Based on the slope, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the soil with a slope of 0-8%, and decreased with increasing slope. Based on soil depth, the highest soil organic carbon was obtained in the upper horizon, compared to the horizon below. The highest total soil organic carbon was obtained at the soil surface horizon with a slope of 0-8% and citronella was planted. This pattern of total soil organic carbon is similar to that of sesquioxide bound organic carbon, but is not consistent with that of free clay bound organic carbon.
Abstrak. Biochar adalah bahan organik yang kaya akan kandungan karbon yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembenah tanah untuk mereklamasi tanah bekas tambang batubara. Biochar dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran bahan organik dalam kondisi oksigen yang terbatas sehingga membentuk pori-pori dan memiliki luas permukaan yang tinggi. Keberadaan pori-pori dan permukaan yang luas pada biochar dapat mengikat air dan memiliki kemampuan dalam mempertahankan nutrisi tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok non Faktorial (RAKNF) terdiri dari A0 (kontrol), A1 (biochar cangkang kopi 10 ton ha-1), A2 (biochar cangkang kopi 20 ton ha-1), A3 (biochar cangkang sawit 10 ton ha-1), dan A4 (biochar cangkang sawit 20 ton ha-1). Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah serapan hara N, P, K tanaman. Pengambilan sampel tanaman untuk analisis serapan hara dilakukan pada umur 45 hari setelah tanam (HST). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pemberian biochar dapat meningkatkan serapan hara N, P, K tanaman jagung manis dan perlakuan biochar cangkang sawit 10 ton ha-1 memberikan respon tertinggi terhadap serapan hara tanaman jagung manis.(The Effect of Biochar on Nutrient Uptake of Sweet Corns in Ex-Coal Mining Soil)Abstract. Biochar is an organic material that is rich in carbon content which can be used as a soil amendment to reclaim land from ex-coal mining. Biochar is produced from the combustion process of organic materials under limited oxygen conditions so that it forms pores and has a high surface area. The presence of pores and a wide surface in biochar can bind water and has the ability to retain plant nutrients. This research was conducted using a non-factorial randomized block design. The treatments consisted of A0 (control), A1 (10 ton ha-1 coffee shell biochar), A2 (20 ton ha-1 coffee shell biochar), A3 (10 ton ha-1 palm kernel shell biochar), and A4 (20 ton ha-1 palm kernel shell biochar). The treatments was repeated three times. The parameters observed were N, P, K of sweet corns. Plant sampling for nutrient uptake analysis was carried out at the age of 45 days after planting (DAP). The research prove that by given biochar can increase nutrient uptake N, P, K of sweet corns and the dosage of 10 ton ha-1 oil palm shell biochar treatment gave provided the highest response to nutrient uptake of sweet corn.
Abstrak. Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan utama dan komoditi strategis bagi Indoesia. Produksi padi nasional belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan penduduk banyak, kebijakan yang dilakukan seperti penggunaan varietas unggul, pembangunan sarana irigasi, subsidi benih, pupuk, dan penggunaan pestisida dalam meningkatkan produksi padi secara nasional. Salah satu hal terpenting dalam meningkatkan produksi padi yaitu dengan menyediakan pupuk organik (Kompos Jerami dan Biochar Sekam Padi) dan pupuk anorganik (Urea, SP-36 dan KCl) dengan berbagai dosis sehingga dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap padi lokal Varietas Babulon dan memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah. Beberapa permasalahan yang sering ditemukan pada lahan sawah Kecamatan Teupah Barat Kabupaten Simeulue di antaranya C-organik sangat rendah, N-total sangat rendah dan P-total sangat rendah. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan lahan sawah di Kecamatan Teupah Barat Kabupaten Simeulue perlu diperhatikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non- Faktorial yang terdiri dari 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Parameter sifat kimia tanah yang diamati adalah C-organik, N-total, P-total, P-tersedia, K-dd dan pH H2O sedangkan parameter pertumbuhan padi lokal Varietas Babulon adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, berat berangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering, dan berat gabah per rumpun. Pemberian pupuk organik (Kompos Jerami dan Biochar Sekam Padi)) dan pupuk anorganik dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah serta meningkatkan hasil peroduksi padi dari biasanya. Produksi padi lokal meningkat menjadi 6,45 dari 3,4 ton/ha dengan pemberian pupuk kompos 20 ton/ha, biochar sekam padi 5 ton/ha, urea 200 kg/ha, SP-36 200 kg/ha dan KCl 150 kg/ha (perlakuan F).(Utilization of Rice Straw Compost and Rice Husk biochar to Improve Soil Chemical Properties and Increase Local Rice Production in West Teupah Barat Subdistrict Simeulue) Abstrac. Rice plants (Oryaa ana L) are the main pungan crop and a strategic commodity for Indocsia Namonal rice production has not been sufficient needs of the population at large, policies implemented are like the use of superior varieties. weep pnasad veeunluad unp ynd yruag prsyna selun mues uunlunqund ujep Huyuadan ne yres euorseu JEDeS ped ypoad urpylura increases rice production by separating organic fertilizers (Kempos Straw and Biochar Rice Husk) and various inorganic fertilizers (Urea, SP-36 and KC) so that it can have an effect on local rice Vanetas Babulon and improve soil chemistry. Some of the problems that are often found in the sub-area of Teupah Rarat sub-district, Simeulue.Regency include very low Carganik, very low N-atal and very low P-al. rice fields in Teupah Baran Subdistrict, Simeulue Regency, need to be observed. This research used a Non-factorial Randomized Design (RAK) which consisted of treatment and 3 replications. -dd and pH H0, meanwhile the puramrter growth of lakal rice Vanetas Babulon is crop seed, number of tillers, herat hasah acid, dry weight, and gahah weight per clump.Provision of organic fertilizers (Straw Compost and Biochar Sckan Rice) and inorganic fertilizers can improve the chemical properties and increase the pudi's yield of the hives. Local rice products frame 645 from 3,4 ionh with giving 20 nha of camphor fertilizer, 3 tonnes of bochar rice husk, 200 kgha urea. SP-36 200 kg ha and Ka 150 kgha (treatment F)
Bamboo chips, palm shells, and rice husks waste are environmental pollutants, but have the potential to be processed by pyrolysis to become biochar. Biochar is organic products rich in carbon, high in micro pores and very suitable for amending degraded (damaged) lands. Quality of biohar to be used as a soil amendment is highly dependent on is the raw material (feedstocks) to make biochar itself. The research objective was to find out the most suitable type of biochar to be used as a soil amendment for ex-mining land, so that the growth and production of plants can be optimum. The research has been carried out in the experimental station of the Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh from August to December 2019 using soil from ex-excavated coal mines of PT. Mifa in West Aceh, Aceh Province. The plant parameters studied were morphological parameters of plant roots (length, weight, specific root length and ratio of roots to plant shoot), nutrient uptake of N, P, and K planted on ex-mine excavated soil. The study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of two observation treatment factors, namely the type of biochar treatment (bamboo, palm shell, rice husk) and the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 ton ha-1), and repeated 3 times. The observations that were observed included the components of root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Biochar characteristics were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical-physical analyses of soil and plants were based on the procedure issued by the Soil Research Institute, Bogor. The effect among treatments was carried out by a variance analyses test (ANOVA) and if there was an effect, the honestly difference test (Tuckey-HSD) was continued at the level of 0.05. The results showed that the type of biochar had a significant effect on root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Application biochar of rice husk with the amount of 20 tons ha-1 showed the best treatment for all the parameters studied, this is because nitrogen content in rice husk biochar contribute to growing corn crop. This study also found that bamboo biochar and palm shells gave a negative response when the amount of administration was increased to 20 tonnes ha-1 except for rice husk biochar.
Abstrak.Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang sangat penting. Produksi minyak kelapa sawit perhektar merupakan produksi paling tinggi dibandingkan denganseluruh tanaman penghasil minyak nabati lainnya.Perindustrian di bidang kelapa sawit banyak mengeluarkan serat dan residu hasil pengolahan seperti limbah cair dan limbah padat. Limbah cair yang dihasilkan berupa Palm oil mill Effluent (POME) air buangan kondensat (8-12%) dan air hasil pengolahan (13-23%). Dalam1 ton hasil kelapa sawit dapa tmengeluarkan limbah yang tidak bisa di pakai atau beracun mencapai 600-700 kg limbah cair. Meningkatnya kualitas tanah dan sifat-sifat Ultisol seperti sifat fisik, biologi dan kimia tanah memerlukan suatu pengelolaan tanah dengan memberikan bahan organic seperti limbah cair kelapa sawit (sludge) yang tepat dan efisien sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktifitas tanah, karena bahan organic yang terkandung dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit baik untuk sifat kimia tanah dan dapat dipergunakan sebagai pengganti pupuk kimia untuk pupuk bibit kelapa sawit. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan didapatkan bahwa Pemberian limbah cair kelapa sawit dapat mempengaruhi sifat kimia tanah Ultisol dengan adanya peningkatan beberapa parameter kimia tanah baik dari pH dari 4,94 menjadi 5,26 setelah pemberian limbah cair kelapa sawit dengan pemberian 2400 ml per polibag (L4) dan Adapun parameter lainnya.Effect of Palm Oil Mill Liquid Waste Use on Changes in Chemical Properties of Ultisols and Growth of Oil Palm Seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)Abstract. Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important vegetable oil-producing plants. Palm oil production per hectare is the highest production compared to all other vegetable oil producing plants. The industry in the palm oil sector emits a lot of fiber and residues from processing such as liquid waste and solid waste. The liquid waste produced is in the form of Palm oil mill Effluent (POME), condensate waste water (8-12%) and treated water (13-23%). In 1 ton of palm oil products can produce waste that can not be used or toxic up to 600-700 kg of liquid waste. Improving soil quality and Ultisol properties such as soil physical, biological and chemical properties requires a soil management by providing appropriate and efficient organic matter such as palm oil waste (sludge) so as to increase soil productivity, because of the organic matter contained in liquid waste. Palm oil mills are good for the chemical properties of the soil and can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizers for fertilizers for oil palm seeds. In this study using a quantitative research approach and it was found that the application of palm oil effluent can affect the chemical properties of Ultisol soil with an increase in several soil chemical parameters, both from pH from 4.94 to 5.26 after administration of palm oil effluent by giving 2400 ml per polybag (L4) and other parameters.
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