Abstrak. Kemasaman tanah merupakan salah satu sifat yang penting, sebab terdapat hubungan pH dengan ketersediaan unsur hara juga terdapat beberapa hubungan antara pH dengan sifat-sifat tanah. Untuk mendapatkan kemasaman tanah di lapangan diperlukan peta pengambilan sampel. Setelah mendapatkan peta kemasaman tanah diperlukan adanya analisis kebutuhan kapur sehingga memperoleh hasil yang baik untuk perubahan kemasaman tanah menjadi netral. Untuk menetralkannya diperlukan pengapuran tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran kemasaman tanah di Kecamatan Keumala sekaligus mengetahui kebutuhan kapur di lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Keumala Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini adalah metode grid yaitu dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada luas 1 km2 per titik sampel dengan menggunakan bor tanah dan menggunakan GPS untuk menuju ketitik koordinat sampel tanah yang telah ditentukan. Dalam metode ini, pengamatan dilakukan dalam pola teratur pada interval titik pengamatan yang berjarak sama dalam kedua arah. Hasil analisis pH tanah di Kecamatan Keumala terdiri atas tiga kategori yaitu agak masam dengan pH berkisar (5,6-6,5), netral dengan pH berkisar (6,6-7,5), dan agak alkalis dengan pH berkisar (7,6-8,5). Sebaran luas areal lahan berdasarkan nilai pH tanah adalah lahan dengan pH agak masam seluas 171,05 ha, pH netral seluas 551,88 ha dan pH agak alkalis seluas 4.162,94 ha. Tanah pada Kecamatan Keumala tidak membutuhkan kapur dikarenakan hasil pH tanah yang telah di uji di laboratorium didapatkan hasil, yaitu pH tanah yang ada di lahan tersebut adalah agak masam, netral dan agak alkalis, sedangkan yang mendominasi adalah pH agak alkalis. Hasil Al-dd tidak didapatkan pada saat uji di laboratorium tersebut. Mapping Soil Acidity and Analysis of Lime Requirement InDistrict of Pidie District Keumala Abstract. Soil acidity is one trait that is important, because there is a relationship of the pH with the availability of nutrient elements, there are some relationship between the pH with soil properties. To get the soil acidity in the field needed a map of sampling. After getting the map of soil acidity required the existence of a needs analysis of lime so as to obtain a good result for a change acidity the soil becomes neutral. Neutralization is required for liming the soil. This research aims to know the spread of soil acidity in district Keumala while knowing the needs of lime on agriculture land. This research was carried out in district of pidie regency keumala. This research is a method of the grid that is by sampling the soil at 1 km2 per sample point by using a drill ground and use the GPS to get to the point coordinates of the soil samples have been determined. In this method, the observations made in a regular pattern on the observation point of the interval is the same in both directions. The results of the analysis of the soil pH in Keumala consists of three categories. Somewhat Dour with the pH range (3.5-6.5), neutral with a pH range (6.6-7.5), and somewhat alkalis with pH ranges (7.6-8.5). The vast acreage of land distribution is based on the value soil pH is a land with a pH somewhat wry covering 171.05 ha, 551.88 ha area of neutral pH and pH is somewhat alkalis 4,162.94 ha. Land at distruct Keumala don't need lime because soil pH results that have been tested in the laboratory results are obtained, namely soil pH that is on the land is somewhat Dour, alkalis and rather neutral, whereas pH was somewhat dominating alkalis. The results of Al-dd is not obtained at the time of testing in the laboratory.
The Lawe Manggamat sub-watershed has been degraded as indicated by the increasing frequency of flood events from year to year. This is related to the hampered infiltration process so that the volume of rainfall that enters the soil is getting smaller, on the other hand, the surface runoff tends to increase. This study aimed to determine the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub -watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive method (survey) which refers to the Land Map Unit (LMU) by considering the type of land use, soil type, and slope. Infiltration in the field was observed using a double-ring infiltrometer at 17 LMU. The results showed that the infiltration rate in the Lawe Menggamat sub-watershed consisted of 5 categories, namely: fast (LMU-1, LMU-8, and LMU-16), rather fast (LMU-2, LMU-3, and LMU-17), medium (LMU-6, LMU-7, and LMU-10), rather slow (LMU-4, LMU-5, LMU-9, LMU-11, and LMU-15), slow (LMU-12, LMU-13, and LMU-14)."The dominant factors affecting the infiltration rate are texture, C-organic, bulk density, soil type, and land use. Management of cover crops and organic matter, as well as forest and land rehabilitation, are expected to improve infiltration in these areas.
The phenomenon of flooding that occurs in almost all regions of the earth causes loss of property and damage to public facilities and causes the loss of many human lives. There are many reports related to the causes of flooding with various solutions offered to overcome the flood problem. However, it seems that these efforts have not been able to eliminate the flood problem. Hydrologists have widely reported various factors that are the cause of flooding with an extensive scope. Therefore, this paper is limited to discussing flooding and its problems, specifically the river flood, from the perspective of land use and soil types. Changes in land use in a watershed can cause an increase in the runoff coefficient. Likewise, different types of soil have different abilities in passing water into the ground. Open land (without land cover) tends to be prone to erosion, reducing the soil’s infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. Increasing the runoff coefficient will increase the peak discharge in a watershed. The decrease in the river capacity due to sediment can cause a river flood. To support this argument, a rainfall-runoff model, particularly the tank model, is also discussed, taking into account the various uses and types of soil in a watershed. Efforts to anticipate the river flood are also considered for formulating flood disaster control policies in a watershed.
Agricultural waste can be converted onto useful materials like compost or organic fertilizers. In a simply practice, those wastes were kept and mixed with additional composting materials to enrich the fertilizer nutrients and compositions. Generally, plants can growth optimally in sufficient media, that is soil. It requires adequate micro and macro nutrients like phosphorus (P). in order to determine P content and other nutrient properties, many methods have been widely used from which most of them are wet chemical analysis. The main aim of this present study is to employ the near infrared reflectance (NIRS) technique in determining P content of organic fertilizer. Spectra data were generated in wavenumbers 5000 – 10 000 cm−1 and the model were established using principal component regression (PCR) method. The results showed that P content of compost materials can be determined using NIRS with maximum correlation coefficient 0.99 and robustness index 4.14 respectively.
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