Abstrak. Andisol di BBH Gampong Aceh/Lembah Seulawah berasal dari bahan induk berupa batuan gunung api andesit - dasit, berbatu apung, tufa dan aglomerat pada zaman kuarter kala Plistosen - Holosen (0,6 juta tahun yang lalu). Berada pada ketinggian 453 m dpl., dengan bentuk relief miring. Tipe iklim wilayah Aceh Besar tergolong tipe iklim C, rejim kelembaban tergolong udik, dan rejim suhu tanah isohipertermik. Dicirikan oleh: struktur tanah remah; konsistensi tanah basah agak lekat; terasa licin (smeary); sifat tanah andik pada horizon Bw: C-organik 25% (1,42%); bobot isi tanah 0,90 g cm-³ (0,73 g cm-³); P-retensi ≥ 85% (99,90%); dan kadar Alo + ½ Feo ≥ 2% (5,51%); epipedon umbrik: tebal horizon AB ≥ 18 cm (18 cm); value lembab 3 (3); C-organik ≥ 0,6% (3,95%); dan KB pH7 50% (10,62%). Horizon penciri bawah kambik: tekstur pasir sangat halus atau lebih halus (lempung berdebu); atau warna tanah lebih merah dari horizon diatasnya atau dibawahnya (sama-sama 7,5YR 3/4); atau struktur telah terbentuk (gumpal bersudut). Subordo dikategorikan Udand, great group Hydrudand, subgrup Eutric Hydrudand, dan tingkat famili Eutric Hydrudand, medial, campuran, isohipertermik.Characteristics Morphology and Soil Classification of Andisol at Dry Landin Aceh Besar DistrictAbstract. Andisols in BBH, Gampong Aceh/Lembah Seulawah are derived from the parent material in the form of andesite - dacite volcanic rocks, rocky floats, tuffs and agglomerates in the quarter-time period of the Plistocene-Holocene (0.6 million years ago). Located at an altitude of 453 m above sea level, with oblique relief. The climate type of the Greater Aceh region is classified as climate type C, humidity regimes are classified as hick, and isohyperthermic soil temperature regimes. Characterized by: crumb soil structure; the consistency of wet soils rather closely; feels slippery (smeary); andik soil characteristics on the Bw horizon: C-organic 25% (1.42%); soil weight weight 0.90 g cm-³ (0.73 g cm-³); P-retention ≥ 85% (99.90%); and Alo + ½ Feo ≥ 2% (5.51%); Umbrik epipedon: horizon thickness AB ≥ 18 cm (18 cm); moist value 3 (3); C-organic ≥ 0.6% (3.95%); and KB pH 7 50% (10.62%). Horizon characterizes the bottom of the cambic: the texture of the sand is very fine or finer (dusty clay); or the color of the soil is redder than the horizon above or below (both 7.5YR 3/4); or structures have formed (angular lumps.The suborder is categorized as Udand, the great Hydrudand group, the Eutric Hydrudand subgroup, and the level of the Eutric Hydrudand family, medial, mixed, isohyperthermic.Abstract. Andisols in BBH, Gampong Aceh/Lembah Seulawah are derived from the parent material in the form of andesite - dacite volcanic rocks, rocky floats, tuffs and agglomerates in the quarter-time period of the Plistocene-Holocene (0.6 million years ago). Located at an altitude of 453 m above sea level, with oblique relief. The climate type of the Greater Aceh region is classified as climate type C, humidity regimes are classified as hick, and isohyperthermic soil temperature regimes. Characterized by: crumb soil structure; the consistency of wet soils rather closely; feels slippery (smeary); andik soil characteristics on the Bw horizon: C-organic 25% (1.42%); soil weight weight 0.90 g cm-³ (0.73 g cm-³); P-retention ≥ 85% (99.90%); and Alo + ½ Feo ≥ 2% (5.51%); Umbrik epipedon: horizon thickness AB ≥ 18 cm (18 cm); moist value 3 (3); C-organic ≥ 0.6% (3.95%); and KB pH 7 50% (10.62%). Horizon characterizes the bottom of the cambic: the texture of the sand is very fine or finer (dusty clay); or the color of the soil is redder than the horizon above or below (both 7.5YR 3/4); or structures have formed (angular lumps.The suborder is categorized as Udand, the great Hydrudand group, the Eutric Hydrudand subgroup, and the level of the Eutric Hydrudand family, medial, mixed, isohyperthermic.
Feronia limoni (Wood-apple) is one of the most researched plants containing bioactive compounds that have biological activity. So far, research on chemical compounds and fruit activity of F. limoni is often carried out using laboratory analysis, such as chromatographic analysis. This study aimed to assess the ability of NIRS to predict organic compounds contained in F. limoni based on its spectrum. Intact F. limoni samples were obtained from five different geographical origins in Aceh Province. Spectra data in form of absorbance spectrum were acquired using a portable sensing device NIRS instrument PSD FTNIRS i16 in wavenumbers 4000-10000 cm-1 or in the wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm with resolution windows of 0.02 nm and optical gain 4x. The results showed that NIRS was able to classify F. limoni samples based on geographical origins with the maximum explained variance of two PCs is 93%. Moreover, the respective wavelength related to this classification is 1090, 1270,1390, 1459, 1602,1713, 1912, and 2211 nm which corresponds to C-H, O-H, C-H-O, N-H stretching. It is related to acids, carbohydrates, and the fibre content of F. limoni samples from bent and stretched along the near-infrared region.
Soil surface charge and cation exchange are important parameters of soil fertility in tropical soils. This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of surface charges and cation exchanges on four soil orders of the dryland in Aceh Besar district. The soil order includes Entisols Jantho (05o16’58.41” N; 95o37’51.82” E), Andisols Saree (05o27'15.6" N; 95o44'09,1" E), Inceptisols Cucum (05º18’18,37” N; 95º32’48,04” E), dan Oxisols Lembah Seulawah (05o27’19,4” N; 95o46’19,2” E). The charge characteristics of surface charge are evaluated from the parameter of DpH (pHH2O-pHKCl), variable charge (Vc), permanent charge (Pc), and point of zero charges (PZC). In contrast, cation exchange properties are evaluated from several soil chemical properties, such as soil organic matter (SOM), base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and effective CEC (ECEC). The results show that the four pedons of soil in the hilly dryland of Aceh Besar include a variable charge because it has a PZC, which is characterized by a negative surface charge with a PZC of pHH2O and has CEC dependent soil pH. PZC value varies from 3.21 – 5.26 and sequentially PZC Andisols Oxisols Entisols Inceptisols. The total CEC value differs considerably from ECEC and the sum of cations. CEC total of the soils varies from 12.8 – 34.4 cmol kg-1, whereas the ECEC values vary from 2.72 – 8.66 cmol kg-1. The highest variable charge percentage is found in Andisols Saree. In contrast, the highest permanent charge is found in Inceptisols Cucum and is positively correlated with pHH20, PZC, CEC, and sums of cations or ECEC. Improving soil quality in hilly dryland soils in Aceh Besar District can be done by decreasing the PZC status of soils with organic amendments and fertilizers or increasing the pH by using liming.
The organic matter is an important component of sustainable agricultural systems and as one of the indicators of soil quality. This research aims to estimate the content and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil quality index in several soil orders of dryland areas in Aceh Besar Indonesia. SOC of soil was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method while the soil quality index (SQI) was evaluated by using the method of Mausbach and Seybold (1998). The results demonstrated that the contents of soil organic carbon in dryland areas of Aceh Besar District vary from low to very high (0.23-3.95%) depending on soil types. The organic C content on the soil surface, such as Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Ultisols were generally low (less than 2%), and only Andisols which have a high content of organic C (3.95%). The average organic C content of order of soil are: Oxisols (0,74 ± 0.12%), Ultisols (0.61 ± 0.14%), Mollisols (0.75 ± 0.23%), Inceptisols (0.78± 0.46 %), Entisols (1.76 ± 1.33%), and Andisols (1.82 ± 0.71%) respectively. Soil quality index (SQI) of dryland in Aceh Besar District vary from a low to high with SQI range of 0.45-0.79. To increase the organic matter content and quality of the soils, adding organic amendments and biofertilizers is necessary.
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