Garcinia kola belongs to the Garcinia genus of the Clusiaceae family and Malpighiales order. It contains more than 180 members all over the globe. It is found all over Asia and in tropical African countries. In Africa, traditionally, G kola is used to manage and treat cancer, diabetes, malaria, analgesics, hypertension, and other numerous ailments. This review aimed to comprehensively update relevant information regarding the pharmacological potential of Garcinia kola. Electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, Hindawi, and Springer extracted valuable information from original scientific research papers. Inclusion Criteria. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, medications, antiviral, traditional medicine, ethnopharmacology, toxicity, cytotoxic action, chemical composition, mineral elements, GCMS analysis, and any other related phrases were used as filters to find studies. Exclusion Criteria. Data from questionable online sources, as well as thesis reports and review publications, were excluded from this investigation. The investigation revealed that seeds of G. kola are very efficient as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertension, antianalgesic, and anti-inflammatory. The study also found that too much consumption of the seeds caused low fertility and toxicity. However, the safety and efficacy of G. kola have not been wholly assessed in humans, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed to corroborate preclinical findings. The mechanism of action of the seed extract should be examined. The standard dose and safety of the seed should be established.
The conversion of roselle calyx into a dried extract without decreasing its consistency is a challenge, given the perishability of the calyx and instability of anthocyanin, which can quickly degrade and develop colored or unwanted brown colors because of its high reactivity. The most critical factors influencing anthocyanins' stability are pH, temperature, light and post-harvest-related enzymes. Besides, the calyx suffered wound injury when removing seed from the calyx, causing stress and eventually, microbial degradation. Nonetheless, mature anthocyanins stimulate plants by responding to stress, especially drought, high salinity, excess light and injury; it is also correlated with improved stress resistance as the genes of individual plants are triggered under these conditions modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This work investigates the stability and potential role of roselle anthocyanin in post harvest deterioration. Anthocyanin stability can, therefore, be achieved by maintaining low pH and temperature, acylation, glycosylation, copigmentation and encapsulation. In the quest for roselle deterioration biomarkers, the detection of critical enzymes, such as Chalcone synthase CHS and FH3 Flavanone 3 hydroxylase, would offer insight into the genetic modification of anthocyanin.
Medicinal plants have aided in the establishment and expansion of the modern healthcare system. Plants with medicinal potential are still the only way forward, as their acceptance and recognition spread over the globe. Ethnobotany is an interdisciplinary field that studies how people use plants in their daily lives. Nigeria accounted for roughly 20% of Africa's population and slightly more than half of West Africa's projected 681,000 new cancer cases in 2008, accounting for roughly 20% of the continent's population and slightly more than half of West Africa's. For pharmaceutical exploration and conservation, it is important to document the use of medicinal plants in a specific region across time. The study's goal was to find out which plants were used to treat Cancer in Mubi, Northern eastern part of Nigeria. An open ended interview was employed with no sampling size selection. Used Value (UV), Fidelity level (FL) and Relative frequency of citation (RFC) were used to determine the most important and effective plants used for treatment of cancer. Ten plants were documented with Neolamarckia cadamba has 0.9, 1 and 100 % of UV, RFC and FL, respectively. The study will serve as a foundation for subsequent research into developing natural medicine or modern medications to prevent the extinction of the species.
The study was carried out to determine the fungal species affecting the leaves of different pepper varieties in
Coronaviruses are infectious respiratory tract illnesses, but they can also affect the digestive tract and infect both humans and animals. The new coronavirus results in complicated health problems all over the world. The most urgent concern of all researchers around the world has been the treatment of the virus. The following study aimed to use quantitative ethnobotany to help scientist in addressing the deadly virus. Expert sampling method was adopted with the aid of an in-depth interview guide. Thirty-nine respondents were interviewed. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Males 25 (64.1%) constitute the greater percentage of the total respondents. Majority of the respondents had formal education. Eighty-one medicinal plant species from 35 families were documented. Leaves are the most utilized 25.8 followed by seed 17.7 and fruits 12.1%, respectively. Relative frequency of citation ranged from 0.5 to 0.9, whereas the FL value ranged from 0.4 to 0.85, revealing how effective the documented plant species are in the management of COVID-19 in the region. A greater amount of research into documented medicinal plants is warranted because of the high likelihood that they contain many active ingredients.
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