Cell-imprinted substrates direct stem cell differentiation into various lineages, suggesting lineage-specific nanotopography that is studied herein by an extensive AFM roughness analysis.
Cells are smart creatures that respond to every signal after isolation and in vitro culture. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) gradually lose their characteristic spindle shape, multi-lineage differentiation potential, self-renewal ability,...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, with an estimated 12% of women in the United States affected during their lifetime. Researchers have demonstrated that early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are pivotal to increasing survival. The advent of nanotechnology has yielded several novel advances and available modern methods within the clinic to detect and treat breast cancer. Inorganic nanoparticles are broadly utilized for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Interestingly, these nanoparticles can also be attached to tumor-specific ligands and used to deliver chemotherapeutic or hormonal agents with high levels of tumor selectivity. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, which have attracted much attention to detect and treat breast cancers, owing to their superparamagnetic characteristics. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing iron-based magnetic nanoparticles are promising approaches for the radiological detection of breast cancer. Here, we discuss the roles and recent applications of iron oxide nanoparticles in diagnosing and treating breast cancer.
Microorganisms such as bacteria and their derived biopolymers can be used in biomaterials and tissue regeneration. Various methods have been applied to regenerate damaged tissues, but using probiotics and biomaterials derived from bacteria with improved economic-production efficiency and highly applicable properties can be a new solution in tissue regeneration. Bacteria can synthesize numerous types of biopolymers. These biopolymers possess many desirable properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them good candidates for tissue regeneration. Here, we reviewed different types of bacterial-derived biopolymers and highlight their applications for tissue regeneration.
In this study, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel chains were crosslinked by polyurethane in order to synthesize a suitable substrate for cartilage lesions. The substrate was fully characterized, and in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted based on a sheep model. In vitro tests were performed based on the chondrocyte cells with the Alcian Blue and safranin O staining in order to prove the presence of proteoglycan on the surface of the synthesized substrate, which has been secreted by cultures of chondrocytes. Furthermore, the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, and Sox9 was presented in the chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate through RT-PCR. In addition, the H&E analysis and other related tests demonstrated the formation of neocartilage tissue in a sheep model. The results were found to be promising for cartilage tissue engineering and verified that the isolated chondrocyte cultures on the synthesized substrate retain their original composition. K E Y W O R D S cartilage tissue engineering, polyvinyl alcohol-polyurethane composite, sheep model 1 | INTRODUCTION Joint problems such as traumatic lesions of articular hyaline cartilages in athletes and people have created a major challenge in the general public health. Cartilage damages in both severe injuries and osteoarthritis are irreversible processes with no approved medical product for complete repair of cartilage dysfunction. 1 Articular cartilage has a limited capacity of self-repair due to its low cellularity and avascular matrix. A Masoud Taghizadehjahed and Asma Sepahdar contributed equally to this work.
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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique properties which have made them widely applicable in medicine and biology. Due to their responsiveness to external magnetic force, they are easy to work with. Functionalization of nanoparticles(NPs) effectively improves performance, increases stability in the body and acidic environment, and prevents the agglomeration of the particles. One of the important applications of these NPs is in the separation of materials as solid-phase extracting agents. On the other hand, functionalizing these NPs can increase the efficiency, stability, specificity, and sensitivity of the structure to separate the target. In this paper, various material separation studies have been collected and classified into several main groups based on material types. Study groups included functional MNPs for separating pathogen, organic and inorganic substances of environmental resources, removal of heavy metal ions, separation of biomolecules, isolation of cells, especially tumor cells, harvesting the microalgae. The results showed that this method has advantages such as high sensitivity and specificity, ease of use without needing an operator, requiring low costs, and is a time-saving technique not requiring sample preparation and concentration.
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