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Biosynthesis of novel therapeutic nano-scale materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications has been enormously developed, since last decade. Herein, the authors report an ecological way of synthesising the platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using sp. for the first time The produced PtNPs exhibited the face centred cubic system. The fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the existence of amino acids in proteins which serves as an essential reductant for the formation of PtNPs. The spherical morphology of the PtNPs with an average size of 20-50 nm was observed from topographical images of atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray fluorescence spectrum confirms the presence of PtNPs with higher purity. The PtNPs size was further confirmed with transmission electron microscopy analysis and the particles were found to exist in the same size regime. Additionally, PtNPs showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 262 nm. Dynamic light scattering studies report that 97.2% of particles were <100 nm, with an average particle diameter of about 45 nm. Furthermore, 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium assay based cytotoxicity analysis was conducted for the PtNPs, which showed the inhibitory concentration (IC) at 31.2 µg/ml against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cells.

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Age-related macular degeneration is a multifactorial disease affecting the posterior segment of the eye and is characterized by aberrant nascent blood vessels that leak blood and fluid. It ends with vision loss. In the present study, artemisinin which is poorly water-soluble and has potent anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties was formulated into nanomicelles and characterized for its ocular application and anti-angiogenic activity using a CAM assay. Artemisinin-loaded nanomicelles were prepared by varying the concentrations of PVP k90 and poloxamer 407 at different ratios and showed spherical shape particles in the size range of 41–51 nm. The transparency and cloud point of the developed artemisinin-loaded nanomicelles was found to be 99–94% and 68–70 °C, respectively. The in vitro release of artemisinin from the nanomicelles was found to be 96.0–99.0% within 8 h. The trans-corneal permeation studies exhibited a 1.717–2.169 µg permeation of the artemisinin from nanomicelles through the excised rabbit eye cornea for 2 h. Drug-free nanomicelles did not exhibit noticeable DNA damage and showed an acceptable level of hemolytic potential. Artemisinin-loaded nanomicelles exhibited remarkable anti-angiogenic activity compared to artemisinin suspension. Hence, the formulated artemisinin-loaded nanomicelles might have the potential for the treatment of AMD.

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