Environmental impact of greenness assessment tools in liquid chromatography – A review

Kannaiah, Kanaka Parvathi; Sugumaran, Abimanyu; Chanduluru, Hemanth Kumar; Rathinam, Seetharaman

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106685

Cited by 85 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The fourth used greenness tool is analytical eco-scale, 66 the most common used tool for greenness profile. 67 It has a maximum eco-score of 100 and is determined by the penalty points (PP) associated with the substances or processes used in an analytical procedure. The volume of reagents, a hazard that comprises, energy, an occupational hazard, and waste are all included while evaluating the eco-scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study

et al. 2022

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“…The modified NEMI system (qualitative) tool 44 is slightly different from NEMI. The pictogram is divided into five sections representing health hazards (NFPA scores for health hazards), safety hazards (NFPA scores for flammability hazards), environmental hazards, energy, and waste amount.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic analysis of bromhexine and oxytetracycline residues in milk as a drug analysis medium with greenness profile appraisal

et al. 2022

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“…GAPI [ 45 , 46 ] is another qualitative method, used to measure the greenness based upon the stages involved in an analytical method. GAPI focuses on two aspects: (I) sample preparation and (II) instrumentation assessment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Analytical Approach for the Determination of Zinc in Pharmaceutical Product Using Natural Reagent

Sharma

et al. 2022

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A selective, sensitive, and environmentally safe spectrophotometry method was developed and validated for the determination of zinc in pharmaceutical substances using natural reagents obtained from the leaves of plant Acacia catechu. Different factors were optimized such as volume of reagent, selection of pH, and stability of the color complex. The drug showed a stable yellowish orange color complex at 550 nm. The greenness of the methods was estimated using an eco-scale tool where the presented method was found to be excellent green with an ecoscore of 84 based on spectrophotometric determination. Also, the greenness of the method was assessed by the Green Analytical Procedure Index and found to be eco-friendly. The method was validated in conformance with ICH guidelines, with acceptable values for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, and LOQ. The linearity range for zinc sulphate was 5–25 μg mL−1 with an R2 value of 0.996. The % RSD for intraday precision and interday precision was less than 2%. The suggested method can be employed for the economic analysis of zinc in its pure form and various formulations. The presented spectrophotometric method is the first analytical method for the analysis of zinc present in zinc sulphate and showed greater ecoscale as compared to the official method.

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Environmental impact of greenness assessment tools in liquid chromatography – A review

Cited by 85 publications

References 94 publications

Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study

Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study

Chromatographic analysis of bromhexine and oxytetracycline residues in milk as a drug analysis medium with greenness profile appraisal

Green Analytical Approach for the Determination of Zinc in Pharmaceutical Product Using Natural Reagent

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