<p>ABSTRAK<br />Daerah pengembangan kapas di Indonesia umumnya lahan kering<br />dengan keterbatasan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-<br />galur kapas toleran kekeringan menggunakan PEG-6000 pada fase<br />kecambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Benih Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, mulai bulan April sampai Juni<br />2012. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang dua<br />kali. Petak utama adalah perlakuan PEG-6000 (-3 bar) dan tanpa PEG-<br />6000 (air), sedangkan anak petak adalah 13 galur kapas dan varietas<br />Kanesia 14. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima pot masing-masing ditanam<br />sepuluh biji. Benih kapas dicampur dengan fungisida Mancozeb 80% 2<br />g/kg benih sebelum ditanam. Parameter pengamatan meliputi daya<br />berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, bobot kecambah dan akar,<br />rasio panjang akar/kecambah, serta indeks kerentanan terhadap<br />kekeringan. Kecambah dihitung sebagai kecambah normal jika panjang<br />lebih dari 0,5 cm. Perlakuan PEG-6000 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap<br />penurunan daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, serta bobot<br />kecambah dan akar. Sebaliknya, rasio panjang akar/kecambah lebih tinggi<br />pada perlakuan PEG-6000 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PEG-<br />6000. Respon ketahanan galur kapas yang dihitung dengan indeks<br />kerentanan kekeringan berbeda pada masing-masing parameter yang<br />diamati. Dari nilai rata-rata indeks kerentanan kekeringan semua<br />parameter, tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap kekeringan (S<0,50).<br />Terdapat delapan galur yang agak tahan kekeringan (0,50<S<1,0) dan<br />lebih tahan dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 14, yaitu 03002/12, 03006/1,<br />03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12, 03017/13, dan 03017/15.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tahan kekeringan, PEG-6000,<br />perkecambahan, galur</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Cotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of water<br />availability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant to<br />drought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment was<br />conducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener and<br />Fiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012. Treatments were<br />arranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot was<br />PEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was<br />13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80%<br />Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parameters<br />observed were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and<br />root weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index.<br />Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000<br />treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination,<br />shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ratio of root/shoot<br />length was higher in the PEG-6000 than without PEG-6000 treatment.<br />Response of cotton lines to drought which calculated with a drought<br />susceptibility index were different among parameter observed. Mean<br />drought susceptibility index of all parameters showed that none of cotton<br />line tolerant to drought (S < 0,50) was achieved from the study. There<br />were eight moderately drought-resistant lines (0, 50 < S < 1,0) achieved<br />namely 03002/12, 03006/1, 03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12,<br />03017/13, and 03017/15 which more resistance than Kanesia 14.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., drought tolerant, PEG-6000,<br />germination, lines</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Areal pertanaman kapas di Indonesia tersebar di enam propinsi yaitu<br />Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara<br />Timur, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Pengembangan kapas 70% berada di lahan<br />tadah hujan dan 30% di lahan sawah sesudah tanaman padi. Di lahan tadah<br />hujan biasanya kapas ditanam setelah jagung, kedelai atau kacang hijau<br />dan selalu mengalami kendala kekurangan air selama pertumbuhannya.<br />Karena kendala tersebut, produksi kapas berbiji ditingkat petani umumnya<br />hanya mencapai 200 – 500 kg per hektar. Penelitian uji multilokasi<br />dilaksanakan di Asembagus dan Wongsorejo (Jawa Timur), Bayan (Nusa<br />Tenggara Barat), dan Bantaeng serta Bulukumba (Sulawesi Selatan), di<br />lahan tadah hujan pada tahun 2004 – 2006. Sebanyak 9 galur dan varietas<br />Kanesia 8 disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 4 kali<br />(tiga ulangan tidak mendapatkan tambahan pengairan setelah tanaman<br />berumur 42 hari atau setelah pemupukan kedua), satu ulangan diberi<br />pengairan optimal sampai panen, yang digunakan untuk menghitung<br />Indeks Kepekaan Terhadap Kekeringan. Kapas ditanam secara monokultur<br />pada petak percobaan berukuran 50m 2 dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25<br />cm, satu tanaman per lubang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah : hasil<br />kapas berbiji pada kondisi keterbatasan air, hasil kapas berbiji pada<br />kondisi pengairan optimal, indeks kerentanan terhadap kekeringan, skor<br />kerusakan daun akibat serangan Amrasca biguttula, dan mutu serat. Pada<br />kondisi tidak mendapatkan tambahan pengairan, rata-rata potensi hasil<br />galur-galur yang diuji tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas Kanesia 8 serta<br />toleran terhadap A biguttula dan mutu seratnya memenuhi syarat untuk<br />industri tekstil di Indonesia. Galur-galur yang produktivitasnya mencapai<br />lebih dari 1.500 kg kapas berbiji/ha adalah (135x182)(351x268)9,<br />(135x182)(351x268)10, dan (135x182)10. Dilihat dari produktivitas, keta-<br />hanan terhadap A. biguttula, ketahanan terhadap kekeringan dan mutu<br />serat, terdapat dua galur harapan yang dapat dilepas sebagai varietas baru<br />yang sesuai untuk dikembangkan di lahan tadah hujan pada kondisi keter-<br />batasan air yaitu galur {(135x182)(351x268)}9 dan galur (339x448)2.<br />Keunggulan galur {(135x182)(351x268)}9 adalah lebih toleran terhadap<br />kondisi dengan ketersediaan air terbatas dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 8,<br />sedangkan produktivitas, ketahanannya terhadap A biguttula, serta mutu<br />seratnya tidak berbeda. Keunggulan galur (339x448)2 dibandingkan<br />dengan Kanesia 8 adalah mutu seratnya lebih tinggi, sedangkan produk-<br />tivitas serta ketahanannya terhadap keterbatasan air dan A. biguttula tidak<br />berbeda.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, produktivitas, mutu serat, tahan terhadap kekeringan<br />ABSTRACT<br />New cotton lines adaptive to rain-fed<br />Cotton growing area in Indonesia extended in six provinces i.e.<br />East Java, Middle Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara<br />and South Sulawesi. Cotton area in Indonesia is mostly (70%) in rain-<br />fed, and the rest is on rice-field after paddy (30%). On rain-fed areas,<br />cotton is commonly grown after maize, soybean, or greenbean, that it<br />suffers from drought. This condition has resulted low yield ranging 200 –<br />500 kg seed cotton per hectare. As a result, farmers income and farmers<br />interest in cotton cultivation are low . Multilocations trial were conducted<br />in Asembagus and Wongsorejo (East Java), Bayan (West Nusa Tenggara),<br />and Bantaeng as well as Bulukumba (South Sulawesi), on rain-fed area in<br />2004 to 2006. 9 lines of cotton and Kanesia 8 were arranged in randomized<br />block design with four replications three replications without irrigation 42<br />days after planting and one replication with optimal irrigation for the<br />estimation of drought susceptibility index. Monoculture cotton was grown<br />in plots sized 50 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing, one plant per<br />hole. Parameters observed were seed cotton yield on water limited<br />condition, seed cotton yield on full irrigation, drought susceptibility index,<br />score of leaf damage caused by Amrasca biguttula, and fibre quality.<br />Means of productivity level of the cotton lines on water limited condition<br />were not significantly different to Kanesia 8, all of them were tolerant to<br />A biguttula with fiber quality was suitable for textile industries in<br />Indonesia. There were three lines reached productivity more than 1,500<br />kg/ha i.e. (135x182)(351x268)9, (135x182) (351x268)10, and (135x<br />182)10. From the trials, there were two promising lines i.e. lines<br />(135x182) (351x268) 9 and (339x448) 2 which can be released as new<br />varieties tolerant to water limited condition. Lines (135x182)(351x268) 9<br />was more tolerant to water limited condition than Kanesia 8, and it was not<br />significantly different in productivity, tolerancy to A biguttula, and fibre<br />quality. Lines (339x448)2 was superior on its fiber quality than Kanesia 8<br />and its productivity as well as its tolerancy to water limited condition and<br />A biguttula were not significantly different.
<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Persilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas >3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat > 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat > 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.</p><p>Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu serat</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Varietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of > 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of >1.16 inch, fiber strength>30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.</p><p>Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Produksi benih varietas kapas hibrida dapat ditempuh dengan dua<br />cara, yaitu dengan persilangan manual dan dengan memanfaatkan galur<br />mandul jantan (male-sterile line). Memproduksi benih kapas secara<br />persilangan manual memerlukan tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi, dan biaya<br />tersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan galur male steril. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau<br />dan Serat, di Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur, dari bulan April sampai<br />Oktober 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi hasil<br />galur-galur mandul jantan kapas untuk memproduksi benih hibrida. Tiga<br />aksesi kapas yaitu KI 487, KI 489, dan KI 494 yang memiliki persentase<br />tanaman mandul jantan masing-masing 60,8%, 57,5%, dan 65% telah<br />digunakan sebagai donor sifat mandul jantan dan telah dilakukan introgresi<br />sifat mandul jantan dari ketiga aksesi tersebut ke varietas komersial<br />Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9 melalui persilangan pada tahun 2006<br />dan diperoleh 9 set kombinasi persilangan. Pada tahun 2007, evaluasi<br />potensi galur dilakukan terhadap 8 galur F1 mandul jantan, 3 tetua jantan<br />yaitu varietas Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9, serta satu varietas baru<br />yaitu Kanesia 12 sebagai pembanding yang disusun dalam rancangan acak<br />kelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Plot percobaan berukuran 3 x 10 m 2<br />dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm; satu tanaman per lubang. Dosis<br />pupuk yang digunakan adalah 100 kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 +<br />100kg KCL per ha. Tidak dilakukan pengendalian hama dengan<br />insektisida kimia selama penelitian. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah<br />kemandulan benangsari secara visual dan mikroskopis, jumlah buah per<br />tanaman, bobot buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan secara visual dan mikroskopis terhadap<br />struktur bunga menunjukkan bahwa semua individu tanaman dari 8 galur<br />F1 yang diuji adalah mandul jantan. Jumlah buah galur mandul jantan 7 –<br />96% lebih banyak tetapi ukuran buahnya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan<br />Kanesia. Galur-galur mandul jantan KI 494 x Kanesia 7 dan KI 494 x<br />Kanesia 8 memberikan hasil kapas berbiji paling tinggi masing-masing<br />2.609kg dan 2.153kg per hektar dibandingkan dengan galur-galur lain,<br />atau sebesar 94 % dan 95% dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7 dan Kanesia<br />8. Persilangan alami galur-galur tersebut bervariasi sebesar 51 – 95%.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum. L., mandul jantan, benih hibrida<br />ABSTRACT<br />Cotton yield potential of F1 male sterile lines under<br />natural crossing<br />Cotton hybrid seed production can be done by manual crossing and<br />by using male steril line methods. The manual crossing technique is<br />however labor dan cost intensive, and the cost can only be reduced by<br />using male sterile lines. The experiment was conducted in Karangploso<br />Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java, from April to Oktober 2007<br />aiming to evaluate the yield potential of cotton male sterile lines. Three<br />cotton accessions e.i KI 487, KI 489, and KI 494 which have male sterility<br />percentage of 60.8%, 57.5%, and 65%, respectively, were used as donor<br />for male sterility and were then introgressed to three commercial cotton<br />variety, Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9 through manual crossing, and<br />that resulted in nine sets of crossing combinations. In 2007, yield potential<br />were studied including 8 F1 male sterile lines, 3 male parent lines (Kanesia<br />7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9), and one new cotton variety, Kanesia 12, as<br />control in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 3 x<br />10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing; one plant per hill. Fertilizer<br />dosage was 100kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCl per ha.<br />Chemical insecticide was not used for insect protection during the<br />research. Parameters observed were plants male sterility, number of bolls<br />per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. The experimental result<br />showed that both visual and microscopic observation of male sterility on<br />individual plants confirmed that the eight F1 lines tested were male sterile.<br />Number of bolls per plant of male sterile lines were 7 – 96% higher than<br />that of Kanesia’s, but boll size was smaller. Lines KI 494 x Kanesia 7 and<br />KI 494 x Kanesia 8 produced highest cotton seed yield of 2609 kg and<br />2153 kg per hectar, respectively, which were 94% and 95% of that of their<br />male parents, Kanesia 7 and Kanesia 8, respectively. Natural crossing of<br />those lines varied around 51 – 95%.<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., male sterile, hybrid seed
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Teknologi kapas hibrida merupakan salah satu upaya untuk<br />meningkatkan produksi kapas nasional. Sampai saat ini belum tersedia<br />varietas kapas hibrida nasional untuk program pengembangan kapas<br />nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ratio galur (A line) mandul<br />jantan dan galur pemulih kesuburan (R line) yang optimum untuk<br />menghasilkan benih hibrida kapas paling tinggi dengan cara persilangan<br />alami. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian-Lumajang,<br />Jawa Timur mulai Januari sampai Desember 2011. Percobaan ini terdiri<br />dari satu pembanding T1 dengan penyerbukan manual dan 5 perbandingan<br />ratio (A line : R line) yang berbeda, yaitu T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2), T5<br />(6:2), dan T6 (7:2) dengan penyerbukan alami. Perlakuan disusun dalam<br />Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) diulang 3 kali dengan luas petak<br />masing-masing perlakuan 25 m x 5 m. Benih kapas ditanam dengan jarak<br />125 cm x 25 cm. Pupuk yang diberikan sebanyak 300 kg pupuk majemuk<br />(15 N:15 P 2 O 5 :15 K 2 O) dan 100 kg pupuk Urea/ha. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penyerbukan manual (T1) menghasilkan<br />kapas berbiji sebanyak 1023 kg/ha, nyata paling tinggi dibandingkan<br />perlakuan dengan penyerbukan alami. Terdapat korelasi positif yang<br />sangat nyata antara hasil kapas berbiji dengan jumlah populasi (r =<br />0.75967). Hasil kapas berbiji tidak berbeda pada perlakuan T2 sampai T6<br />yang bervariasi antara 377- 452 kg kapas berbiji/ha, dengan efisiensi<br />penyerbukan alami sebesar 37–45%. Untuk produksi benih hibrida dengan<br />persilangan alami dapat digunakan ratio 7 baris tetua betina dan 2 baris<br />tetua jantan (perlakuan T6). Harga benih hibrida kapas yang dihasilkan<br />dengan cara penyerbukan alami sebesar Rp. 98.571,-/kg sedangkan dengan<br />cara penyerbukan manual sebesar Rp. 101.826,-/kg.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, mandul jantan, pemulih kesuburan,<br />penyerbukan manual, penyerbukan alami</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Hybrid cotton technology is an attempt to increase the national<br />cotton production. Hybrid cotton varieties is not yet available for the<br />national cotton development program. This study was aimed at<br />determining optimum ratio of male sterile lines (A line) and restorers (R<br />line) lines for producing high hybrid cotton seed yield. The experiment<br />was conducted in the Experimental Garden Pasirian-Lumajang, East Java<br />from January to December 2011. This experiment consisted of T1 with<br />manual pollination (control), and 5 different ratios (A line : R line) with<br />natural pollination namely T2 (3:2), T3 (4:2), T4 (5:2 ), T5 (6:2) and T6<br />(7:2). Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with<br />3 replications, plot size was 25 m x 5 m of each. Seeds were sown with<br />a distance of 125 cm x 25 cm. Fertilizers given were 300 kg of compound<br />fertilizer (15 N: 15 P 2 O 5 : 15 K 2 O) and 100 kg Urea /ha. From this research<br />it was found out that the T1 treatment by manual pollination produced as<br />much 1023 kg seed cotton yield / ha, was the highest compared to natural<br />pollination treatments. There was high correlation between seed cotton<br />yield and plant population (r = 0.75967). Seed cotton yield of T2 to T6<br />treatments was not significantly different, which varies between 377-452<br />kg/ha, with natural pollination efficiency of 37-45%. Therefore, for cotton<br />hybrid seed production based male sterility by natural crossing, 7 rows of<br />female lines and 2 rows of male lines ratio (treatment T6) can be used.<br />Price of cotton hybrid seed by natural pollination as much as Rp. 98,571, -<br />/kg while by manual pollination as much as Rp. 101, 826, - /kg.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, male sterile, restorer, manual pollination,<br />natural pollination</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.