<p>ABSTRAK<br />Daerah pengembangan kapas di Indonesia umumnya lahan kering<br />dengan keterbatasan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-<br />galur kapas toleran kekeringan menggunakan PEG-6000 pada fase<br />kecambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Benih Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, mulai bulan April sampai Juni<br />2012. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang dua<br />kali. Petak utama adalah perlakuan PEG-6000 (-3 bar) dan tanpa PEG-<br />6000 (air), sedangkan anak petak adalah 13 galur kapas dan varietas<br />Kanesia 14. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima pot masing-masing ditanam<br />sepuluh biji. Benih kapas dicampur dengan fungisida Mancozeb 80% 2<br />g/kg benih sebelum ditanam. Parameter pengamatan meliputi daya<br />berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, bobot kecambah dan akar,<br />rasio panjang akar/kecambah, serta indeks kerentanan terhadap<br />kekeringan. Kecambah dihitung sebagai kecambah normal jika panjang<br />lebih dari 0,5 cm. Perlakuan PEG-6000 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap<br />penurunan daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, serta bobot<br />kecambah dan akar. Sebaliknya, rasio panjang akar/kecambah lebih tinggi<br />pada perlakuan PEG-6000 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PEG-<br />6000. Respon ketahanan galur kapas yang dihitung dengan indeks<br />kerentanan kekeringan berbeda pada masing-masing parameter yang<br />diamati. Dari nilai rata-rata indeks kerentanan kekeringan semua<br />parameter, tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap kekeringan (S<0,50).<br />Terdapat delapan galur yang agak tahan kekeringan (0,50<S<1,0) dan<br />lebih tahan dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 14, yaitu 03002/12, 03006/1,<br />03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12, 03017/13, dan 03017/15.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tahan kekeringan, PEG-6000,<br />perkecambahan, galur</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Cotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of water<br />availability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant to<br />drought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment was<br />conducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener and<br />Fiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012. Treatments were<br />arranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot was<br />PEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was<br />13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80%<br />Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parameters<br />observed were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and<br />root weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index.<br />Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000<br />treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination,<br />shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ratio of root/shoot<br />length was higher in the PEG-6000 than without PEG-6000 treatment.<br />Response of cotton lines to drought which calculated with a drought<br />susceptibility index were different among parameter observed. Mean<br />drought susceptibility index of all parameters showed that none of cotton<br />line tolerant to drought (S < 0,50) was achieved from the study. There<br />were eight moderately drought-resistant lines (0, 50 < S < 1,0) achieved<br />namely 03002/12, 03006/1, 03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12,<br />03017/13, and 03017/15 which more resistance than Kanesia 14.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., drought tolerant, PEG-6000,<br />germination, lines</p>
<p>ABSTRAK<br />Permasalahan dalam pengembangan tembakau rakyat adalah daya<br />berkecambah benih yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh perendaman benih terhadap daya berkecambah<br />benih tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di<br />laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat pada bulan Mei<br />sampai dengan Juli 2013. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan petak<br />terbagi dan diulang empat kali. Sebagai petak utama adalah tujuh varietas<br />tembakau lokal, yaitu V1 = Kemloko1; V2 = Kemloko2; V3 = Kemloko3;<br />V4 = Kasturi1; V5 = Kasturi2; V6 = Grompol Jatim1; dan V7 =<br />Bojonegoro1. Sebagai anak petak adalah: R1 = Tanpa perendaman<br />(kontrol); R2 = perendaman selama satu jam dalam air; R3 = perendaman<br />selama satu jam dalam larutan KNO 3 (0,1%), dan R4 = perendaman<br />selama satu jam dalam larutan KNO 3 (0,2%). Setelah perlakuan<br />perendaman, benih tembakau dikecambahkan menggunakan metode Uji di<br />Atas Kertas. Pada setiap ulangan, sebanyak 100 benih tembakau<br />dikecambahkan pada media kertas merang yang diletakkan di dalam<br />petridish berdiameter 9 cm. Perkecambahan dilakukan di dalam<br />germinator tipe IPB dengan suhu 23 o C dan kelembaban nisbi 87-93%.<br />Parameter yang diamati adalah daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah,<br />panjang akar kecambah, dan indeks vigor kecambah. Perendaman benih<br />tembakau menggunakan air, larutan KNO 3 0,1% dan larutan KNO 3 0,2%<br />selama satu jam sebelum benih disemaikan, dapat meningkatkan daya<br />berkecambah dan panjang kecambah varietas Kemloko1 dan Grompol<br />Jatim1. Perlakuan perendaman benih dengan air berpengaruh positif pada<br />varietas Kemloko1 yang ditunjukkan dengan daya berkecambah tertinggi,<br />sedangkan perendaman dengan larutan KNO 3 0,2% berpengaruh negatif<br />pada varietas Bojonegoro1 yang ditunjukkan dengan daya berkecambah<br />paling rendah. Perlakuan perendaman dengan air maupun larutan KNO 3<br />(0,1% dan 0,2%) menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap<br />parameter daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah, panjang akar kecambah,<br />dan indeks vigor kecambah pada semua varietas tembakau yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum L., perendaman, KNO 3 , viabilitas benih</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Low germinability of seeds is one of major problems in tobacco<br />development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of priming<br />on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed viability. The research was<br />conducted in the laboratory of the Indonesian Sweeteners and Fiber Crops<br />Research Institute during May to July 2013. The treatments were arranged<br />in a split plot design with four times of replication. The main plots were<br />seven tobacco varieties namely V1 = Kemloko1; V2 = Kemloko2; V3 =<br />Kemloko3; V4 = Kasturi1; V5 = Kasturi2; V6 = Grompol Jatim1; and V7<br />= Bojonegoro1. The subplots were priming seeds for one hour namely R1<br />= without priming (control); R2 = priming for one hour on water; R3 =<br />priming for one hour on KNO 3 (0,1%) solution, and R4 = priming for one<br />hour on KNO 3 (0,2%) solution. After priming, seeds were germinated using<br />the Upper Paper Test method. A hundred of seeds were sown on straw<br />paper media in a petridish diameter 9 cm of each replication. Parameters<br />measured were germination percentage, shoot and root length, and<br />seedling vigor index. Priming tobacco seed with water or KNO 3 (0.1 and<br />0.2%) solution for one hour before seeds were germinated significantly<br />improved germination percentage and shoot length of Kemloko1 and<br />Grompol Jatim1 varieties. Priming tobacco seed with water had positive<br />effect on Kemloko1 variety which resulted the highest germination<br />percentage but had adversely effect on Bojonegoro1 variety which resulted<br />the lowest germination percentage. Priming tobacco seeds with water or<br />KNO 3 (0.1 and 0.2%) solution resulted different effect on germination<br />percentage, shoot and root length, and seedling vigor index parameters for<br />all tobacco varieties were observed.<br />Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., priming, KNO 3 , seed viability</p>
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