AbstractThis study investigates the colours and inks used in diplomatic documents of the Ottoman Empire dating from the 13th to the 20th century. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses were carried out on more than 150 documents using μ-XRF, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy; 10 documents were selected representatively for each century. In addition to the characterization of colour and ink, their use and distribution through the centuries is discussed. Analysis showed the presence of minium, vermilion, red ochre and cochineal (red pigments); lapis lazuli (ultramarine blue), azurite (blue verditer), Prussian blue and smalt (blue pigments); malachite and green earth (green pigments); massicot and yellow lead (yellow respectively orange pigments) and basic lead carbonate and zinc oxide (white pigments). All illuminations were ornamented with gold to demonstrate the power of the Empire and the Emperor. Texts were written in iron gall- and carbon-based black ink (carbon black/soot), cochineal (red) ink and gold.
The following contribution presents the results from the portable X-Ray fluorescence (p-XRF) analysis of the Early Bronze Age metal dagger from Karaburun, found in 2015 and first published in 2018. The non-destructive analysis revealed the dagger's chemical composition as arsenical (1.10%) copper (98.22%), an alloy used since the reinvigoration of Anatolian metalwork in the mid IVth millennium B.C. A review of current excavations and geology-based surveys in the region confirms the impression that our dagger might well have been produced by a local workshop in the vicinity of modern İzmir, or even on the Karaburun peninsula itself. Öz: Bu makalede, 2015 yılında bulunan ve 2018'de ilk defa yayımlanan Karaburun hançerinin taşınabilir Xışınlı floresans analizi değerlendirmeleri paylaşılmaktadır. Sonuçlara göre, hançerin malzemesi arsenik (%1.10) / bakır (%98.22) karışımı. Arsenik bakır karışımı, MÖ IV. binyılın ortasından itibaren sıklıkla kullanılan bir malzemedir. Bununla birlikte ele geçen hançerin, hem bu bölgede son senelerde tekrar canlanan kazılarla hem de antik madenciliğe yönelik yüzey araştırmaları neticesinde üretim yerinin Ege Bölgesi'nde kıyı Ege şeridinde veya İç Batı Anadolu bölümünde ya da Karaburun'un kendisi olma ihtimali oldukça yüksektir.
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