Colour and Ink Characterization of Ottoman Diplomatic Documents Dating from the 13<sup>th</sup> to the 20<sup>th</sup> Century

Kantoğlu, Ömer; Ergün, Elif; Kırmaz, Rıdvan; Kalayci, Yakup; Zararsız, Abdullah; Bayır, Önder

doi:10.1515/res-2018-0014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…associated with both lead white and red lead (9 cases), red lead (6), plattnerite (4), lead-tin yellow type I (3), scrutinyite (3), anglesite (2), galena (2), lead white (2), litharge (2), PbMg(CO 3 ) 2 (2) and chrome orange and yellow (1): found in paintings ranging from the 1 st to the 19 th century, in Europe, India and Iran: present on all types of common supports, such as wood ceilings, glass icon as (fatty tempera), illuminated manuscripts and wall paintings (fresco and secco), as well as in powdered raw pigments and wood cupboards (Burgio et al 1999;Bruni et al 2002;Smith and Clark 2002a;Castro et al 2008;Kotulanová et al 2009;Aliatis et al 2010;Ravindran et al 2011;Hradil et al 2013;Lukačević et al 2013;Duran et al 2014;Bratu et al 2015;Holakooei and Karimy 2015;Felix et al 2018;Kantoglu et al 2018;Vanmeert et al 2018;Arjonilla et al 2019a;Khramchenkova et al 2019;Costantini et al 2020b;Fioretti et al 2020).…”

Section: Litharge and Massicot In Artworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Gliozzo

Ionescu

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This review summarises the state-of-the-art of lead-based pigment studies, addressing their production, trade, use and possible alteration. Other issues, such as those related to the investigation and protection of artworks bearing lead-based pigments are also presented. The focus is mineralogical, as both raw materials and degradation products are mineral phases occurring in nature (except for very few cases). The minerals described are abellaite, anglesite, blixite, caledonite, challacolloite, cerussite, cotunnite, crocoite, galena, grootfonteinite, hydrocerussite, laurionite, leadhillite, litharge, macphersonite, massicot, mimetite, minium, palmierite, phosgenite, plattnerite, plumbonacrite, schulténite, scrutinyite, somersetite, susannite, vanadinite and an unnamed phase (PbMg(CO3)2). The pigments discussed are lead white, red lead, litharge, massicot, lead-tin yellow, lead-tin-antimony yellow, lead-chromate yellow and Naples yellow. An attempt is made to describe the history, technology and alteration of these pigments in the most complete manner possible, despite the topic's evident breadth. Finally, an insight into the analytical methods that can (and should) be used for accurate archaeometric investigations and a summary of key concepts conclude this review, along with a further list of references for use as a starting point for further research.

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Section: Litharge and Massicot In Artworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Gliozzo

Ionescu

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Kantoğlu et al identi ed the inks used in Ottoman diplomatic documents dating from the 13 th to the 20 th century by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. They found that those manuscripts were written in iron-gall and carbon-based ink (carbon black/soot), cochineal (red) ink and gold 9 . Many other research efforts on determination of black inks and its alternatives with different techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy were also performed on black inks so far [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Full Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallite size of the graphitic phase in soot ink based on historic recipe: A potential dating tool for old manuscripts

Ünsalan

Öten

Yaman

2021

Preprint

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In this paper, we report the crystallite size of the graphitic phase observed in a soot ink sample prepared based on an original Ottoman recipe in the 18th century for the first time. Intensity ratio of the D and G bands that were observed at 1384 and 1609 cm-1 respectively, revealed that the crystallite size is 24.33 nm. This corresponds to a carbon phase between graphitic and well graphitic stage. We strongly believe that this could be further used particularly for dating purposes by investigating carbon-black pigments which we have not encountered its consideration in the literature for mainly manuscripts. Here, we especially propose using the Tuinstra-Koenig relationship together with the consideration of D and G band profiles to derive the crystallite size of the graphitic phase observed in soot ink and other various carbon-black inks for the purpose of manuscript dating.

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“…Different handheld Raman systems have been reviewed and tested for their application in the field of cultural heritage [19,[23][24][25]. Technological developments have countered the most difficult problems, such as low Raman signal, high fluorescence, and environmental interactions, as well as the positioning and focusing of the laser [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pre-1950 Synthetic Organic Pigments in Artists’ Paints. A Non-Invasive Approach Using Handheld Raman Spectroscopy

2021

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There is little information on the actual use of early synthetic organic pigments (SOPs) in art objects, especially those from before 1950. Their presence can, however, pose a challenge to conservation because their chemical composition, as well as their lightfastness and sensitivity to solvents, are often unknown. Here, a study on the non-invasive identification of SOPs in historic pre-1950 varnished paint-outs from artists’ materials manufacturer Royal Talens is presented. The paints were analysed using a handheld Raman device. Spectra were evaluated by recording the spectra of the same samples with a benchtop instrument. This study demonstrated that the identification of SOPs in varnished oil paints with a non-invasive approach is possible and rather straightforward. The handheld Raman device allowed us to identify fourteen SOPs from eight pigment classes. Besides the occurrence of expected and the known SOPs of this time period, there were also some surprising results, like the detection of the triarylcarbonium pigments PG2 and PB8, and the monoazo Mordant Yellow 1.

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Colour and Ink Characterization of Ottoman Diplomatic Documents Dating from the 13^th to the 20^th Century

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Crystallite size of the graphitic phase in soot ink based on historic recipe: A potential dating tool for old manuscripts

Identification of Pre-1950 Synthetic Organic Pigments in Artists’ Paints. A Non-Invasive Approach Using Handheld Raman Spectroscopy

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Colour and Ink Characterization of Ottoman Diplomatic Documents Dating from the 13th to the 20th Century

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Crystallite size of the graphitic phase in soot ink based on historic recipe: A potential dating tool for old manuscripts

Identification of Pre-1950 Synthetic Organic Pigments in Artists’ Paints. A Non-Invasive Approach Using Handheld Raman Spectroscopy

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Colour and Ink Characterization of Ottoman Diplomatic Documents Dating from the 13^th to the 20^th Century