The Missing Jigsaw Piece - pXRF Bulk Analysis of the Karaburun Dagger and Some General Considerations on Metalwork in Early Bronze Age Western Anatolia

Zararsız, Abdullah; Zimmermann, Thomas

doi:10.13113/cedrus.202002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…(Bruker's Yellow filter) provided a good count rate for the elements of interest. Assays of artefacts were taken for 60 s each, which was sufficient time to obtain stable results and was in line with other researchers using similar instruments [5,31,32]. Nine modern copperbased alloy reference standards were used for the calibration of these data (Table A1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

XRF and 3D Modelling on a Composite Etruscan Helmet

et al. 2021

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The presentation of X-ray fluorescence data (XRF) assays is commonly restricted to tables or graphical representations. While the latter may sometimes be in a 3D format, they have yet to incorporate the actual objects they are from. The presentation of multiple XRF assays on a 3D model allows for more accessible presentation of data, particularly for composite objects, and aids in their interpretation. We present a method to display and interpolate assay data on 3D models using the PyVista Python package. This creates a texture of the object that displays the relative differences in elemental composition. A crested helmet from Tomb 1036 from the Casale del Fosso necropolis, Veii, Italy, is used to exemplify this method. The results of the analysis are presented and show variation in composition across the helmet, which also corresponds with macroscopic and decorrelation stretching analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

XRF and 3D Modelling on a Composite Etruscan Helmet

et al. 2021

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“…For analysis of copperbased alloys, we found that operating the x-ray tube with a setting of 40 keV at 5.0 µA in an air-path and through a window composed of 12 mil Al and 1 mil Ti filters (Bruker's Yellow filter) provided a good count rate for the elements of interest. Assays of artefacts were taken for 60 seconds each, which was sufficient time for the count rates to stabilise, and is in line with other researchers using similar instruments [25,72,73]. Each reference standard was analysed twice and the results averaged.…”

Section: Appendix a Portable X-ray Fluorescence Calibration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pitfalls and Possibilities of Patinated Bronze: The Analysis of Pre-Roman Italian Armour Using pXRF

2021

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Despite the importance of weapons and armour as part of material culture in the Mediterranean during the first millennium BCE, such objects have generally not been studied beyond stylistic analyses. Bronze was extensively used in the construction of these materials; however, its characterisation is complicated due to patination and the different manufacturing techniques used. We used portable XRF (pXRF) to non-destructively characterise bronze material in a way that mitigates the distorting effects of patina. Analysis was conducted on 23 pieces of pre-Roman Italian bronze armour. Assays were taken using two different techniques; ‘single point’ assays and ‘cluster’ assays. There is variability visible across assays both on and between items, grouped both geographically and chronologically. We highlight significant trends visible in the results over time and different object types and discuss the utility of pXRF on ancient bronze with recommendations for best practice.

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“…One of these sites, known locally as Manal, even yielded an arsenical copper dagger, dating possibly to the EBA 3 on typological grounds (Ünlüsoy 2018b;Zararsız, Zimmermann 2020). All these data clearly indicate that the local raw material sources, such as the cinnabar, chert, or andesite, were well known to communities in the fifth, fourth and third millennia BCE.…”

Section: Lab No [Tübitak]mentioning

confidence: 95%

Kababurun: investigations of an eastern Aegean village in the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age transition

et al. 2023

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The Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age (EBA) 1 are dynamic prehistoric eras, encapsulating crucial political, social and economic developments in western Anatolia and the adjacent regions. Although recent fieldwork and synthesis on this transition in western Turkey provide a general framework for this important transitional period, we still lack a holistic understanding of settlement types, subsistence patterns and socio-economic interaction zones. Discovery of the coastal site of Kababurun during surveys on the Karaburun Peninsula enhances understanding of the Late Chalcolithic–EBA 1 transition by providing data on settlement characteristics, material technologies and subsistence strategies. Kababurun is currently the only absolutely dated prehistoric site in the Karaburun Peninsula, offering a reliable chronological basis for comparisons in the region and beyond. In this article, we first introduce and then contextualise the Kababurun data within the eastern Aegean and western Anatolian research problems, then discuss how that data might contribute to a more refined understanding of Late Chalcolithic to EBA 1 communities. In particular, we argue that the site of Kababurun represents a form of community that is vitally important but poorly understood for this period: a small-scale rural settlement, connected to local networks but without a specialised function.

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The Missing Jigsaw Piece - pXRF Bulk Analysis of the Karaburun Dagger and Some General Considerations on Metalwork in Early Bronze Age Western Anatolia

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

XRF and 3D Modelling on a Composite Etruscan Helmet

XRF and 3D Modelling on a Composite Etruscan Helmet

Pitfalls and Possibilities of Patinated Bronze: The Analysis of Pre-Roman Italian Armour Using pXRF

Kababurun: investigations of an eastern Aegean village in the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age transition

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