No abstract

The objective of this study is to analyse adaptable debris-flow impact models, which are very important for mitigation measurements and buildings using their sphere of influence. For this reason, 16 debris-flow experiments, on a small-scale modelling approach, were performed. Impact forces were measured with a force plate panel, consisting of 24 aluminium devices, coaxially mounted with resistance strain gauges. Flow velocities, flow heights as well as horizontal impact forces were sampled with a frequency of 2.4 kHz. Sub datasets of sampled raw force data were defined by applying an average median filter, a lowpass filter routine. Further, estimated peak pressure values as well as empirical coefficients of hydraulic impact models were compared, and the influence of signal processing is discussed.

No abstract

The recently emerged idea of enriching standard finite element interpolations by strain or displacement discontinuities has triggered the development of powerful techniques that allow efficient modelling of regions with highly localized strains, e.g. of fracture zones in concrete, or shear bands in metals or soils. The present paper describes a triangular element with an embedded displacement discontinuity that represents a crack. The constitutive model is formulated within the framework of damage theory, with crack closure effects and friction on the crack faces taken into account. Numerical aspects of the implementation are discussed. In a companion paper, the embedded crack approach is combined with the more traditional smeared crack approach. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

No abstract