Nanostructured metal materials are the frontrunners of numerous electronic advancements. While realizing such potential, it is indispensable to address its oxidation and stability drawbacks, that are due to its high...

Flexible electronics for harsh and hazardous environments could offer a broad range of technological applications from conformal structural health monitoring, hypersonics, to telecommunication systems. However, advanced materials with the capability of additive manufacturing and the tolerance to extreme operating conditions are imperative. Here, we report hightemperature radiofrequency electronics with thermal management by printing copper hybrid conductors onto flexible thin alumina ribbon ceramic and ceramic fiber/silica aerogel composite. Regulating thermal stability, tuning resonance frequency, and increasing current-carrying ability of printed electronics are synergistically achieved using a flexible thermal-insulation ceramic fiber/silica aerogel composite or thermally conductive alumina ribbon ceramic substrates and high-temperature copper−graphene conductors. The printed copper conductor coatings exhibit tunable antenna resonance and electromagnetic interference effectiveness of 70 dB at a thickness of 5 μm, opening a pathway toward flexible hybrid radiofrequency electronics with thermal management.

As one of the conductive ink materials with high electric conductivity, elemental copper (Cu) based nanocrystals promise for printable electronics. Here, single crystalline Cu nanoplates were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. Size engineering of Cu nanoplates can be rationalized by using the LaMer model and the versatile Cu conductive ink materials are suitable for different printing technologies. The printed Cu traces show high electric conductivity of 6 MS/m, exhibiting electro-magnetic interference shielding efficiency value of 75 dB at an average thicknesses of 11 μm. Together with flexible alumina ceramic aerogel substrates, it kept 87% conductivity at the environmental temperature of 400 ℃, demonstrating the potential of Cu conductive ink for high-temperature printable electronics applications.

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Background: There is a large variation in the frequency of cesarean section in different countries and in different regions of the same country. To reduce the country-wide disparity in this mode of delivery, WHO has set in an optimal range of 10–15%. In Pakistan, the rate of cesarean sections has increased over time. Rising rate of cesarean section may be associated with maternal age, antenatal care, parity, fetal lie and presentation, comorbidities, previous cesarean section, maternal choice, and clinical management policies. Objective: To determine the frequency and factors related to the cesarean section in females in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Punjab of Pakistan. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from 1st March 2020 to 31st December 2020. Two hundred and five females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled applying the statistical formula. A predesigned questionnaire was applied to collect data at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bahawalpur. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 25.3±4.4 years; 45.4% of females belonged to the upper-middle class and 95.6% were housewives. The mean number of antenatal visits was 3.4±1. Overall, 72.7% of females had cesarean section deliveries. The risk factors associated with cesarean section were: previous cesarean section 34.6%, fetal distress 13.7%, cephalo-pelvic disproportion 12.7%, oligo-hydramnios 10.7%, low lying placenta 8.3%, abnormal lie presentation 6.8%, and failure to progress in labor 5.9%. Conclusion: The frequency of cesarean section was high. Major factors associated with cesarean section were previous cesarean section, education level, fetal distress, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and oligo-hydramnios.

Background: The hemoglobin protein plays an essential role in health and development in the human body. Women with inadequate Hb levels develop anemia. In light of the regional heterogeneity in Bangladesh, the aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with low Hb concentration in ever-married women. Methods: The study extracted data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) conducted in 2011. Since the hemoglobin level was not measured in BDHS 2014 and BDHS 2017, the study used BDHS 2011. A total of 5,699 ever-married women aged (15-49) years were used in the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics applied to answer the research questions. Multilevel linear mixed effect modelling was applied to identify the risk factors of hemoglobin level at different hierarchical levels simultaneously and the different level variations were observed. Results: The average age of women was 31 years with standard deviation of 9.33 years. The mean (SD) of hemoglobin level of women was 120.95 (81) g/L. The highest mean (SD) level of hemoglobin was found in the Khulna 122.48 (13.26) g/L and the lowest in the Barisal 119.61 (13.21) g/L. The multilevel model resulted that using the contraceptive method, pregnant women, married women, breastfeeding mother, age of mother, body mass index, and total children ever born had significant effect on the low hemoglobin level. Conclusion: Analyzing the individual, cluster, and regional influence, the current study determined the most relevant socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental risk factors for low hemoglobin levels of women in Bangladesh.

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