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In this study, a combination of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and finite element method (FEM) solving the complex problem of interaction between fluid with free surface and an elastic structure is studied. A brief description of SPH and FEM is presented. Contact mechanics is used for the coupling between fluid and structure, which are simulated with SPH and FEM, respectively. In the proposed method, to couple mesh-free and mesh-based methods, fluid and structure are solved together by a complete stiffness matrix instead of iterative predictive–corrective or master–slave methods. In addition, fully dynamic large-deformation analysis is carried out in FEM by taking into account mass and damping of the elastic structure. Accordingly, a two-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) code is developed and validated with two different experiments available in the literature. The results of the numerical method are in good agreement with the experiments. In addition, a novel laboratory experiment on a dam break problem with elastic gate in which the length of the initial water column is larger than its height is conducted. The main difference between the previous experiments and the one conducted in this study is that an upward water motion parallel to the elastic gate is observed at the upstream side of the gate. This motion is captured with the numerical method.

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Undoped and PbNb2O6:Eu(3+) (1.0 ≤ x ≤ 6.0 mol%) phosphors were synthesized at 1100 °C for 3.5 h by the conventional solid state reaction method. Synthesized PbNb2O6:Eu(3+) phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The PL spectra showed series of excitation peaks between 350 and 430 nm due to the 4f-4f transitions of Eu(3+). For 395.0 nm excitation, emission spectra of Eu(3+) doped samples were observed at 591 nm (orange) and 614 nm (red) due to the (5)D0 → (7)F1 transitions and (5)D0 → (7)F2 transitions, respectively. PL analysis results also showed that the emission intensity increased by increasing Eu(3+) ion content. No concentration quenching effect was observed. The CIE chromaticity color coordinates (x,y) of the PbNb2O6:Eu(3+) phosphors were found to be in the red region of the chromaticity diagram.

In this study, a numerical model is proposed for the analysis of a simply supported structural cable. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)—a mesh-free, Lagrangian method with advantages for analysis of highly deformable bodies—is utilized to model a cable. In the proposed numerical model, it is assumed that a cable has only longitudinal stiffness in tension. Accordingly, SPH equations derived for solid mechanics are adapted for a structural cable, for the first time. Besides, a proper damping parameter is introduced to capture the behavior of the cable more realistically. In order to validate the proposed numerical model, different experimental and numerical studies available in the literature are used. In addition, novel experiments are carried out. In the experiments, different harmonic motions are applied to a uniformly loaded cable. Results show that the SPH method is an appropriate method to simulate the structural cable.

In this paper, finite-time thermodynamic analysis of an air-standard internal-combustion Dual cycle is performed. Maximum power (MP), maximum power density (MPD), maximum efficient power (MEP) which are three alternative performance criteria are derived. The effects of the design parameters such as volume ratio and extreme temperature ratio of the cycle have been investigated under MP, MPD and MEP conditions. The analyzed results of air-standard internal-combustion Dual cycle showed the design parameters at maximum power (MP) conditions and maximum efficient power (MEP) conditions have a significant advantage compared to maximum power density (MPD) criterion

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