Constant efforts have been made to improve the quality and performance of schools in Pakistan. Research has shown that leadership is a driving force in bringing about revolutionary changes in schools. This qualitative multiple-case study explores the task-oriented, relationoriented, and change-oriented leadership behaviors in selected highperforming schools in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews from a total of 12 participants selected via purposive sampling. The participants included principals, assistant principals, and teachers from two high-performing schools. Data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach involving open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The findings showed that leaders in selected high-performing schools exhibited adaptive leadership behaviors. The effective and continuous monitoring, proper planning, assigning and clarifying tasks, and efficiently distributing budgets were some of the task-oriented leadership behaviors in selected high-performing schools. The relation-oriented leadership behaviors were determined to be shared decision-making, establishing a friendly and trusting relationship, being open and honest, and recognizing contributions. Being active and ambitious, having strong vision, and commitment to change were the change-oriented leadership behaviors shared across selected schools. The findings of this study can be of use to the Ministry of Education Pakistan and the Education Department of the Government of Balochistan.

STEM instruction is an incorporated methodology that consolidates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. This study aimed at finding expected challenges in implementing STEM education and role of teacher education programs in mitigating possible challenges in implementing STEM education in Baluchistan. To achieve the objectives, quantitative methodology was used. Sample was selected using judgmental convenience sampling technique.  The sample of the study consisted of, 202 pre-service teacher educators from three public universities of Quetta. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentage. The findings indicated that although the implementation of integrated STEM education in Baluchistan may face challenges, the role of teacher education programs in mitigating these challenges is significant.

The aim of the study was to find out the causes of primary school dropout among girls in district Jaffar abad. The data was amassed through the aid of the close ended questionnaires specially designed for teachers, dropped out girls, and their parents. A sample of 150People was chosen by using stratified random sampling technique. The amassed data was tabulated and analyse by using simple percentage method. The study explored the causes of school dropout by documenting the opinions of the teachers, dropped out student and their parents. The respondents displayed disparate opinions concerning girls’ dropout at primary level. They contemplated that area gives less importance to girls’ education. Gender disparity, linguistic related problems, custom of early marriage, cultural and religious beliefs influence of tribal leadership, untrained teachers and corporal punishment were also reported as major causes of school dropout. The findings of the study will be helpful for the government, parents and teachers to take measures in order to control high dropout rate and increase enrolment rate at primary level of schooling.

Corporal/Physical punishment exercises in the secondary level school students have negativeassociations on the behavior patterns of the students. The corporal punishment exercises not onlyaffect the student’s social life but also badly affect their professional life, these negative impacts ontheir behavior manage to the authorities whom the students are working outside the school and createhurdles in achieving their educational goals. For this purpose descriptive type of research wasconducted. This research was correlational in nature. The population for this research study was takenall the secondary boys’ and girls’ schools of the Quetta city, Quetta District. A sample of 200 studentswas taken in order to find out the results of the study. A questionnaire was designed in order to collectdata as a tool of the research study. There is a moderate negative relationship between theCorporal/Physical punishment and student’s behavior of the secondary schools. The students whoreceived corporal punishment had a negative impact on their behavior than those who didn’t receiveany type of punishment.

The paper examines the relationship between efficient mathematics teaching and deficient required resources in district Panjgur, Balochistan.  In today's world of highly enhanced fields, especially in science and technology, it is impossible to march on the road of success in the absence of resources, commitment, dedication, and the urge to seek knowledge without any cultural or theological influence. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the factors which are hampering effective mathematics teaching in the high schools of the research area. In addition, it discusses the reasons for the failure of mathematics teachers in arranging the mathematical activities in the high schools in district Panjgur. Education is the most important factor for the progress and prosperity of any nation. Mathematics as a subject fascinated the mind and sharped analytical skills and vital for success of students in their future accomplishments. It plays a significant role as a subject for creating human resource, which are essential for the progress of any nation. The study has underlined the aspects which hinder the rapid up-gradation of mathematics as a subject and the traditional limitations associated with remote areas in classroom teaching.