STEM instruction is an incorporated methodology that consolidates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. This study aimed at finding expected challenges in implementing STEM education and role of teacher education programs in mitigating possible challenges in implementing STEM education in Baluchistan. To achieve the objectives, quantitative methodology was used. Sample was selected using judgmental convenience sampling technique.  The sample of the study consisted of, 202 pre-service teacher educators from three public universities of Quetta. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentage. The findings indicated that although the implementation of integrated STEM education in Baluchistan may face challenges, the role of teacher education programs in mitigating these challenges is significant.

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to explore the research trends on challenges and outcomes of post pandemic education. The researcher has conducted a meta-analysis of HEC recognized journals of education published in post pandemic period that is 2020-2021.  Methodology: The study has adopted qualitative approach following case-study design. The population of the study is comprised of each of 2 issues of 14 journals of education recognised by higher education commission of Pakistan. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique. The sample size was 21 articles based on the inclusion criteria which directs to select only those articles discussing the post COVID context of teaching-learning process. The data was collected through a literature review matrix which was developed to classify the articles for various themes generated after critical review. After reviewing the selected articles, different themes were generated such as Pandemic and higher education, psychological aspects of post pandemic context, learning experiences in Covid-19, remote teaching and challenges, assessment and distant learning using content analysis technique. Findings: This content analysis revealed that COVID-19 has increased the scope of online education by showing an increasing trend of Hybrid model in education. The research has highlighted the effect of COVID-19 on teachers and learners particularly and the system of education generally. It further explored the issue related to depression and anxiety and challenges related to energy crises.   Implications: This study recommends that to overcome such issues and challenges there should be provision of professional development programs for the teachers to prepare them for future circumstances.

With the ever increasing demand of higher education in the country, several measures have been adopted to fill the gap between demand and supply. Therefore, to meet the challenge number of new universities had been established in both the public and private sector during the last decade. Consequently, there is a competition between public and private sector universities for attracting the students. Claims of providing high quality education at an affordable price are being promulgated by both the sectors. The present study is an attempt to compare the fee charged and on-campus facilities provided to students by public and private sector universities. To conduct the study a sample of 218 social sciences MS/MPhil level students from public and private sector universities were selected. Facility Identification Inventory was used to collect data. Analysis of the data reflected that very high fee is being charged by the private sector universities as compared to public sector. As far as the facilities are concerned the private sector is providing fewer facilities. Moreover, there existed no relationship between total fee and the facilities provided to students in the universities.

This study investigated the teachers’ morale in an outlook of satisfaction and annoyance among the teachers working at secondary schools in private sector of Karachi. Literature reported the paramount position of teachers in society was an effecting factor which was related to their job satisfaction and motivation to sustain in teaching profession. Teachers’ productivity was the result of job satisfaction and motivation. This research addressed the factors associating teachers’ job satisfaction and annoyance in the context secondary schools of Karachi. Qualitative research paradigm used to explore the perception of secondary teachers in Karachi. Semi-structured interview protocol was used to record the opinion of secondary teachers about the factors of annoyance and job satisfaction. A total sample of 12 teachers was chosen as the participants by using Purposive sampling. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings obtained from the qualitative data proved Maslow’s theory of need in job satisfaction and annoyance. Findings also reported the themes including social benefits, meaningfulness of job and self-esteem was validated by the researcher as a factor for teachers’ morale. This research implies better remuneration for the teachers and healthy working environment for more conductive learning and healthier development of students.