This article reviews 13 obstetric hysterectomies and their details.

The role of blood and blood products in acquisition of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections following transfusion was reviewed in this study. CMV IgG prevalence was particularly high in Bangladesh. Thus 97% of the study groups were found to be CMV IgG positive. The present study showed that CMV IgM antibody prevalence was significantly higher in multiple transfused groups (24%) than control group (2%) indicating CMV primary infection and reactivation or reinfection occur frequently in multitransfused patients. Most CMV infections acquired after transfusion are either asymptomatic or characterized by a self-limited infectious mononucleosis syndrome but it may be serious or fatal in those who are immunocompromised. Particularly at risk are low-birth weight infants, bone marrow and organ transplant patients. If a patient is at high risk of getting CMV diseases, blood from seronegative donors is appropriate and likely to prevent post transfusion CMV infection. Alternatively, blood that has been filtered to decrease the number of white blood cells - the cells that carry CMV - will protect patients from getting a CMV infection from transfusion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10828

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Life-threatening coagulopathy associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has been the defining clinical characteristic and is an important risk factor for fatal haemorrhage and early death. Pathogenesis of coagulopathy in APL is complex and mainly includes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The study was done to see the status of DIC and its impact on the outcome of APL in our setting. Among the total 60 patients, induction mortality rate was 30% and remission rate was 70%. The main cause of induction mortality was bleeding that accounts for 66.7% of mortality. DIC was present among 32 out of 60 patients (53.33%). Induction mortality has significant relationship to DIC as the induction mortality rate is 47% in patients with DIC and 11% in patient without DIC (P value 0.0009 ). Induction motality rate in low, intermediate and high risk group is 6.7%, 24% and 58% respectively (p value <0.0001). Finally, risk group subclassification revealed presence of DIC in high risk group has the highest early mortality rate

Introduction: Ante partum hemorrhage is defined as any vaginal bleeding from the 24 th week of gestation till delivery. The number of cases of placenta previa and placenta accrete are increasing with the increasing caesarean section rate.Ante-partum hemorrhage is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, despite modern improvement in obstetric practice and transfusion service. Placenta previa has been well documented to be associated with adverse maternal outcomes as well as neonatal outcomes. The indication for emergency peripartum hysterectomy in recent years has been changed from traditional uterine atony to abnormal placental implantation. The incidenceplacenta previais on rise because of the increasing rate of caesarean section being performed, and a trend of child bearing at a later age among the women , with the sametime the dangerous complication placentaaccreta which is associated with placenta previa and prior caesarean deliveries has also been increased in frequency 16. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was designed to see the incidence of placenta previa , ultrasound finding, management and maternal outcome in women suffering from placenta previa .in region of Taifkingdom of Saudi Arabia. Result: In two year total no of deliveries was 17757 out of that 213 was cases of placenta previa that makes the 1.19 % of placenta previa out of total deliveries .Out of 5498 L.S.C.S, 213 cases were because of placenta previa which make about 3.8 %.out of 213 lscs 62 cases were done in emergency (29.1%).and 151 was done as elective cases(70.8). as far as age women's were concerned highest percentage of placenta previa was seen in age group of 31-36 years (35.2%) followed by age group of 26-30years (26.2%..Out of 213 women of placenta previa 144 (67.74%)women suffered from antepartum hemorrhage from moderate to severe bleeding .All women had lower segment caesarean section as mode of delivery whether in emergency or as an elective procedure dependent upon amount of bleeding ,gestational age and condition of mother. All patent had ultrasound done to confirm the localization of placenta and to exclude placenta accreeta or percreeta. 14 patient underwent bilateral uterine ligation and because of bleeding and severe nature of placental adherence out of 213 women 56 (26.29%) had caesarean hysterectomy and 6 patient received injuries to urinary tract in form of bladder injury or uretric injury which could be because of adhesion, excessive bleeding or difficult c/hysrectomy .By the bless of God there was no maternal death recorded in this period of study Conclusion: In summary, history of previous lower segment caesarean section were found to be associated increased rate of placenta previa and its severe form i.e. placenta accreta.It is also concluded that with good antenatal care we can pick patient who are at high risk of placenta previa and its related risk.

Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease found worldwide mostly in school going children. There are many challenges in the management of chronic tonsillitis especially in refractory cases. There are many single as well compound drugs for the management of tonsillitis which are being used for a longer duration without any known side effect. A randomized open comparative study was designed to validate the efficacy of two very commonly prescribed formulations in the patients of chronic tonsillitis viz. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari 6 gm and Sharbat Toot Siyah 20 ml were given orally twice a day to the patients of Group A & Group B respectively for 6 weeks continuously. The data was compiled and statistically analyzed using chi square test and paired t-test. In test group A, maximum benefit was seen in Sore throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =48.81), followed by Irritation in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), Pain in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), dry cough (p=0.0002, χ2 =14.35) and dysphagia (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12). In test group B, maximum benefit was observed in sore throat (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12), followed by notable improvement in irritation in throat (p=0.0014, χ2 =10.15), and pain in throat (p=0.0098, χ2 =6.67). Although both Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah are effective, but Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari is a better option for the management of chronic tonsillitis; as it relives most of the symptoms & signs very effectively and safely. Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, Unani formulation, Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari, Sharbat Toot Siyah

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