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FTY720 induces apoptosis, specifically in lymphocytes, and prolongs allograft survival in rats and dogs. The purpose of this study was to define an effective range of FTY720 doses that could be combined with a suboptimal dose (10 mg/kg) of cyclosporin for canine kidney allograft recipients. The combination significantly prolonged allograft survival in all groups receiving FTY720 at a dose of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg. None of the recipients died due to notable side effects of the drug. In peripheral blood, the number of lymphocytes was extremely low, whereas the percentage of granulocytes increased during FTY720 administration. No significant difference in cyclosporin trough levels was observed between the cyclosporin-alone group and the combination groups. We conclude from the present study that FTY720 has a potent effect at an extremely low dose and a wide therapeutic window when combined with cyclosporin in canine kidney transplants.

The study was undertaken to identify the core contribution of women in the rice production activities, identify the wage gap between male and female laborer and factors influencing women’s participation in rice farming at household level in Bangladesh. In doing so, the study utilized the data collected by the field survey from Nilphamari and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. A total number of 60 women respondents were selected using random sampling methods who were actively working in the rice fields during the production period in 2015. Data were analyzed using simple statistical techniques as well as OLS regression analysis. An analysis of the socioeconomic status of the women showed that in terms of contribution, nearly 43% and 42%of the total works were done by rural women in rice farming activities in Nilphamari and Mymensingh district, respectively. It was found that male workers spent 228.2 hours and female workers 174.5 hours per season in Nilphamari region compared to 270 hours and 197.3 hours per season in Mymensingh region, respectively. The average wage rate in Nilphamari district was BDT 241/day for male and BDT 175/day was female. Similarly, in Mymensingh district the average wage rate for male and female workers was BDT 281/day and BDT 162/day, respectively. The result of the OLS method suggests that the distance of the rice field from the home, the number of available technologies used and the number of adult male labour significantly affect the women's participation in farming activities. Despite the positive role of women in the production activities, their contribution was often neglected in terms of wage rate. Therefore, this study recommends the avoidance of wage discrimination between male and female workers which may strengthen their position within the family and increase their self-esteem and status in the society.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 180-188, 2016

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Clinicians continue to face the challenges of identifying and treating the idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to improve symptoms and survival. A study on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was done in the Department of Cardiology, University Cardiac Center, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2004 to December 2009. The aim of this study was to examine clinical profile of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The age range was 18 to 65 years and 70% subjects were male. Most common symptom was dyspnea (86%) and cough (75%). 75% subjects had sinus tachycardia, 42% had ventricular ectopics and 40% had left bundle branch block. Mean diastolic dimension was 60±9 mm, ejection fraction was 28±8%, left atrial dimension was 40±6 mm and 36% were having mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular failure (75%) and various type of arrhythmias (62%) were the main complications. 8% subjects were died during hospital stay. Hence the clinical presentation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy varies from patient to patient, but most patients present later, i.e. at some point in the spectrum of heart failure.

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