Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus causing various forms of candidiasis. However, under certain circumstances it is capable of becoming pathogenic. Pathogenicity of oral candidiasis is a complex process and there is no one factor that can be regarded as the direct cause. This review aims to explain the virulence factors of Candida albicans in oral candidiasis infection and its relation to homeostasis in the mouth. Virulence factors of Candida albicans which is closely related to the nature of pathogens include: adherence and coaggregation, interference of immune system, phenotype switching and several supporting factors such as antibiotic resistance and immunomodulating. How to cite this article Nasution AI. Virulence Factor and Pathogenicity of Candida albicans in Oral Candidiasis. World J Dent 2013;4(4):267-271.

Objective To determine the effect of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and RcPrep to microstrain of human root dentin. Materials and method Fifteen extracted human premolars were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction using a diamond bur disk. Every group was then sectioned horizontally in the third cervical, third middle and third apical to have total of 45 specimens. Based on the test solutions used, specimens were divided randomly into three groups: (1) the EDTA group: 0.05 ml of 17% EDTA for 15 minute (n = 15), (2) the RcPrep group, 0.05 ml of 15% EDTA-urea peroxide-carbowax for 15 minutes (n = 15), and (3) the control group, 1 ml of 0.9% saline for 15 minutes (n = 15). All specimens were prepared for the determination of microstrain of root dentin using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The microstrain of root dentin calculated using the equation ? = Br cos?/sin? then statistically analyzed using regression test. Result Analysis of regression between control and treatment groups were significant (p < 0.05). The microstrain was significantly greater with 17% EDTA when compared with 15% RcPrep. In addition, based on XRD result, all specimens showed same patterns as apatite groups. The pattern of RcPrep group showed better material than EDTA group. Conclusion EDTA and RcPrep can contribute to improvements of microstrain of root dentin. In comparing these properties, the RcPrep showed lower effect than EDTA. How to cite this article Nasution AI. Microstrain of Human Root Dentin after Chelating Agents Application. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):11-15.

Background: Traumatic ulcer is a lesion in oral mucosa as a result of physical and mechanical trauma, as well as changes in salivary pH. Jatropha multifida sap can act as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and re-epithelialization, and can also trigger the healing process of ulcers. Purpose: Research was aimed to determine the potential of Jatropha multifida sap against traumatic ulcer base on clinical and histopathological healing process. Method: This research was conducted laboratory experimental model, with rats (Rattus norvegicus) as the subject as well as Jatropha multifida sap for ulcer healing. Those subjects were divided into four groups: two treatment groups administrated with pellet and Jatropha multifida sap, one group as the positive control group administrated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide, and one group as the negative control group administrated with 0.9% NaCl. Ulcer manipulation was used 30% H 2 O 2 , and evaluation of ulcer healing was used clinical and histopathological approach. Result: Clinically, the healing process of ulcers in the treatment group with Jatropha multifida sap was faster than that in the positive control group with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide, indicated with the reduction of the ulcer size until the missing of the ulcers started from the third day to the seventh one (p≤0.05). Histopathologically inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, and plasma cells) declined started from the third day, and the formation of collagen and re-epithelialization then occurred. On the seventh day, the epithelial cells thickened, and the inflammatory cells infiltrated. Statistically, those groups were significant (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Jatropha multifida sap has a significant potential to cure traumatic ulcers on oral mucosa clinically and histopathologically.

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Pengetahuan mengenai mikrostruktur jaringan keras gigi sangat diperlukan, sebab dengan semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan sekarang ini, begitu banyak ilmu-ilmu terapan lainnya yang dibutuhkan dalam memahami mikrostruktur jaringan yang terdiri dari email, dentin, dan sementum ini. Sebagaimana diketahui, ruang lingkup keilmuan mikrsotruktur jaringan keras gigi yang bahan non organiknya adalah kristal hidroksi apatit ini begitu luas, sedari pemahaman dasar hingga pengembangannya berdasarkan sifat dan karakter masing-masing baik dalam hubungannya dengan tubuh, mikroorganisme, maupun aplikasi material yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan kesehatan rongga mulut dan gigi yang lebih baik.

As energy source, palm oil has become a serious concern for various palm oil stakeholders because it is related to the vegetable oil needs for 7.7 billion people in the world. Nagan Raya District is a central of palm oil in the western region of Aceh and inseparable from the issue of sustainability. This study is designed using quantitative approach. The data collected by self-administered questionnaire to 300 palm stakeholders. The results indicated that the social variable has strong contribution to sustain the palm oil as one of primary energy source. Also, the economic, environmental and security variables have moderate strength in sustainable palm oil. In addition, the sustainable palm oil model which is built from 20 indicators depicts that the concern of plantation companies in fostering smallholders and communities around the plantation is the strongest indicator, while the indicator of protecting endangered plant and animal species and predatory animals in the natural cycle is the weakest indicator of variables in influencing sustainable palm oil in Nagan Raya Regency.

Perkebunan diyakini memiliki potensi yang kuat dalam mendorong pembangunan perekonomian wilayah dengan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan percepatan pembangunan.  Agar tujuan pembangunan  perkebunan dapat tercapai maka perlu dilakukan pengembangan komoditi unggulan perkebunan daerah dengan memperhatikan potensi daerah melalui pengklusteran komoditi dan wilayah pengembangan.  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat potret komoditi unggulan perkebunan di Kabupaten Simeulue dengan menggunakan analisis Location Quetion (LQ) dan Shift Share Analysis (SSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara berurutan komoditi unggulan perkebunan di Kabupaten Simeulue adalah pala, kakao, karet, pinang, kelapa, sagu dan cengkeh.  Namun berdasarkan nilai penjualan komoditi unggulan dalam mendukung perekonomian secara berurutan adalah cengkeh, kelapa, kelapa sawit, pala, kakao, karet, pinang dan sagu.  Komoditi prioritas pengembangan utama di Kabupaten Simeulue adalah karet, pala, kelapa sawit, kakao dan cengkeh. Prioritas pengembangan kedua adalah kelapa, kakao, cengkeh, pinang, pala, karet dan sagu. Prioritas pengembangan ketiga adalah pinang, sagu dan kelapa. Komoditi perkebunan unggulan berdasarkan keunggulan dan nilai penjualan komoditi terbagi dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok (I) keunggulan rendah - harga jual bagus adalah cengkeh; kelompok (II) keunggulan rendah – harga jual tidak bagus adalah kelapa, sagu dan kelapa sawit; kelompok (III) keunggulan tinggi – harga jual tidak bagus adalah pala, kakao, karet dan pinang. Tidak ada komoditi unggulan yang masuk pada kelompok (IV) yaitu keunggulan tinggi dan harga jual bagus.

(r = -0.376 and p<0.017). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between nicotine levels levels labeled on cigarettes with salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.107, p>0.512). There was no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.216, p>0.181). Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH of those smokers (r= 0.686, p<0.00,). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the intensity of smoking with salivary flow rate and its pH. However, there is no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and both salivary flow rate as well as salivary pH.