(r = -0.376 and p<0.017). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between nicotine levels levels labeled on cigarettes with salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.107, p>0.512). There was no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and salivary pH of those smokers (r = -0.216, p>0.181). Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH of those smokers (r= 0.686, p<0.00,). Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the intensity of smoking with salivary flow rate and its pH. However, there is no correlation between nicotine levels labeled on cigarettes and both salivary flow rate as well as salivary pH.
Chronic periodontitis is the most often disease in the oral cavity which attacks the supporting tissues of the teeth. This disease develops slowly, resulting in teeth experiencing loss of attachment and alveolar bone loss. The main cause of chronic periodontitis is bacterial plaque which is a soft deposit in the form of a thin layer of biofilm containing a collection of pathogenic microorganisms, one of it is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an obligate anaerobic Gram negative bacterium and found in a healthy or diseased oral cavity. Fusobacterium nucleatum can be isolated from the oral cavity and other infections in the human body such as skin ulcers, peritonsillar abscesses, septic arthritis and endocarditis. Fusobacterium nucleatum plays an important role in the formation of plaque because it functions as a "bridge bacterium", which is a link for bacteria found in the early phases of plaque colonization with bacteria found in the final plaque colonization. Fusobacterium nucleatum is one of the bacteria most isolated from periodontal pocket of patients with chronic periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharides found on the outer membrane of Fusobacterium nucleatum and metabolic result from this bacteria can cause periodontal tissue damage in the cases of chronic periodontitis.
Cahaya lampu diketahui memiliki dampak buruk terhadap perkembangan tulang. Paparan berlebihan dari cahaya lampu dapat menurunkan kadar melatonin pada manusia yang mengakibatkan tanda-tanda osteoporosis tahap awal. Studi sebelumnya menyatakan melatonin dapat menekan estrogen yang akan berdampak menghambat aktivitas osteoklas. Untuk mencegah kerusakan tulang maka dapat diberikan obat alami yang diketahui dapat meningkatkan metabolisme tulang. Senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) berfungsi membantu metabolisme kalsium dengan cara menginduksi penurunan resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya fitorespon ekstrak etanol daun kelor terhadap osteosit dan matriks tulang mandibula yang terpapar cahaya lampu fluoresen. Sampel penelitian menggunakan tikus wistar jantan sebanyak 10 ekor. Tikus tersebut dipaparkan pada cahaya lampu fluoresen kemudian diberi ekstrak daun kelor yang diolah dengan teknik maserasi. Pembuatan preparat histologi menggunakan pewarnaan hematoxylyn eosin. Mikroskop (Olympus BX-51) dengan perbesaran 400X digunakan dalam perhitungan sel osteosit dan matriks tulang. Data penelitian dianalisa menggunakan uji One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan nilai p0,05. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa daya fito-respon ekstrak etanol daun kelor pada tulang mandibula yang terpapar cahaya lampu fluoresen dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel osteosit dan dapat mempertahankan matriks tulang sehingga masa tulang tetap terjaga.
Helminths infection is one of the diseases that still occur insociety. The helminth infection caused by theSoil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) group, which is Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm in human cancause chronic bleeding resulting in decreasir on storage in the body and increased level of hepcidin. Hepcidin is a liverhormone which regulates iron metabolism and can function as marker of inflammation and iron deficiency. This study aimedto compare the hepcidin levels in STH-infected and non-infected children. A cross-sectional study was conducted betweenMay and October 2018 on 28 STH infected and 140 non-infected subjects. The collected stool samples were analyzed usingthe Kato-Katz method to determine the presence of STH infection and the degree of infection. Urine samples wereprocessed, and their hepcidin levels were measured using a Sandwich-ELISA method. Measurement was made using aSpectrophotometer. The difference of numeric variables was analyzed using Wilcoxon test. The prevalence of STH infectionwas 16.66%. The prevalence of Trichuris trichiura 10.71%, Ascaris lumbricoides 4.76% and hookworm 2.97%. The prevalenceof a single infection was 14.88% and mixed infection 1.78%. Based on the intensity of infection, 15.48% of subjects were mildinfection, 0.59% moderate infection, and 0.59% severe infection. Hepcidin levels in the infected and uninfected group didnot differ significantly (p=0.978). There were no different hepcidin levels in children with and without soil-transmittedhelminths infection.
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