AimAcute myocarditis (AM) is a heterogeneous condition with variable estimates of survival. Contemporary criteria for the diagnosis of clinically suspected AM enable non-invasive assessment, resulting in greater sensitivity and more representative cohorts. We aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with AM diagnosed using non-invasive criteria.Methods and resultsA total of 199 patients with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-confirmed AM were included. The majority (n = 130, 65%) were male, and the average age was 39 ± 16 years. Half of the patients were White (n = 99, 52%), with the remainder from Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups. The most common clinical presentation was chest pain (n = 156, 78%), with smaller numbers presenting with breathlessness (n = 25, 13%) and arrhythmias (n = 18, 9%). Patients admitted with breathlessness were sicker and more often required inotropes, steroids, and renal replacement therapy (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.01, respectively). Over a median follow-up of 53 (IQR 34–76) months, 11 patients (6%) experienced an adverse outcome, defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Patients in the arrhythmia group had a worse prognosis, with a nearly sevenfold risk of adverse events [hazard ratio (HR) 6.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.87–26.00, p = 0.004]. Sex and ethnicity were not significantly associated with the outcome.ConclusionAM is highly heterogeneous with an overall favourable prognosis. Three-quarters of patients with AM present with chest pain, which is associated with a benign prognosis. AM presenting with life-threatening arrhythmias is associated with a higher risk of adverse events.
The purpose of this paper is to theoretically address a surprising omission in literature by proposing a cognitive mechanism that sanctions individual-level unethical behaviors. This secondary literature-based qualitative study fills a theoretical gap by employing an extensive review of substantive empirical and theoretical literature of the last 15 years. However, those who consider their moral identity necessary for their self-concept are less likely to behave unethically. This proposed process, along with the path suggested by previous studies, in which individuals are having job autonomy feel unconstrained by rules before engaging in unethical behaviors. So, it proposes an underlying cognitive mechanism between job autonomy and unethical behavior. This study implies that it clarifies job autonomy’s role in promoting the negative outcome of employees’ unethical behaviors and informs organizational policymakers about the importance of satisfying the need for job autonomy.JEL Classification: D23, M12, M51, O15How to Cite:Ahmed, A., Shamsi, A. F., & Aziz, M. (2020). A Missing Link Between Job Autonomy and Unethical Behavior. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 95 – 118. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.12391.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is the most common cause of valvular heart disease worldwide, affecting millions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Multiple imaging modalities such as Cardiac CT, Cardiac MRI and three-dimensional echocardiography may be utilised in diagnosing, screening, and managing RHD. However, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone of imaging in RHD. Criteria developed by the World Heart Foundation in 2012 sought to unify the diagnostic imaging criteria for RHD, but concerns remain regarding their complexity and reproducibility. In the intervening years, further measures have been developed to find a balance between simplicity and accuracy. Nonetheless, there remain significant unresolved problems within imaging in RHD, including the development of a practical and sensitive screening tool to identify patients with RHD. The emergence of handheld echocardiography has the potential to revolutionise RHD management in resource-poor settings, but its role as a screening or diagnostic tool is yet to be fully established. The dramatic evolution of imaging modalities over the last few decades has not addressed RHD compared to other forms of structural heart disease. In this review, we examine the current and latest developments concerning cardiac imaging and RHD.
Transthyretin amyloid (TTR) cardiomyopathy is a disease of insidious onset, which is often accompanied by debilitating neurological and/or cardiac complications. The true prevalence is not fully known due to its elusive presentation, being often under-recognized and usually diagnosed only late in its natural history and in older patients. Because of this, effective treatment options are usually precluded by multiple comorbidities and frailty associated with such patients. Therefore, high clinical suspicion with earlier and better detection of this disease is needed. In this review, the novel applications of multimodality imaging in the diagnostic pathway of TTR cardiomyopathy are explored. These include the complimentary roles of transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in quantifying cardiac dysfunction, diagnosis and risk stratification. Recent advances in novel therapeutic options for TTR have further enhanced the importance of a timely and accurate diagnosis of this disease.
Purpose of Review Heart failure (HF) is commonly associated with iron deficiency (ID), defined as insufficient levels of iron to meet physiological demands. ID’s association with anaemia is well understood but it is increasingly recognised as an important comorbidity in HF, even in the absence of anaemia. This review summarises contemporary evidence for the measurement and treatment of ID, in both HFrEF and HFpEF, and specific HF aetiologies, and highlights important gaps in the evidence-base. Recent Findings ID is common among patients with HF and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Correcting ID in patients with HF can impact upon functional status, exercise tolerance, symptoms, and overall quality of life, irrespective of anaemia status. Summary ID is a modifiable comorbidity in HF. Therefore, recognising and treating ID has emerging therapeutic potential and is important for all clinicians who care for patients with HF to understand the rationale and approach to treatment.
This research study is concerned with determinants of innovative work behavior under the application of Job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. The study examined pluralistic impact of job demands, job resources and personal resources on innovative work behavior through the sequential mediation role of employee eustress (positive stress) and engagement. Data was collected from 398 knowledge workers of IT sector of Pakistan using a well-structured survey questionnaire. PLS-SEM data analysis technique was opted using Smart-PLS software. Job demands (creativity role expectations and workload), job resources (autonomy, intellectual stimulation) and personal resources (creative self-efficacy, resiliency) were confirmed as determinants of innovative work behavior directly and through the mediating mechanism of employee eustress and engagement. This research study contributes to innovation and JD-R theories with novel empirical knowledge by evaluating the role of job demands, job resources and personal resources on employee innovative work behavior. The study’s specific contribution pertains to delaminating a sequential mediating role of eustress (positive stress) and employee engagement between job demands, job resources, personal resources and innovative work behavior which is new addition to relevant theories because this perspective has not been studied so far. The study equally contributes to the relevant practices as well. The findings of this study enlighten the decision makers of IT sector with valuable knowledge about innovative work behavior of employees that can be stimulated to optimal extent by increasing eustress and employee engagement by setting rational and challenge demands for employees, hiring workers with self-enriched innovation specific personal resources and provisioning of job resources that are supportive to innovative work behavior of employees.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.