This study was designed to collect and perform a proteomic analysis of expired air condensate in newborns receiving respiratory support at the Department of Resuscitation and Intensive Care. The proteomic composition of expired air condensate was evaluated in newborns at various stages of development and with different abnormalities.
The physical development of newborns and infants is the most important parameter in assessing their health. However, the standards of anthropometric parameters, and most importantly their growth in premature babies, especially those born with low and extremely low body weight, are still controversial.Objective: to apply the methodology for measuring and assessing the main anthropometric indicators of newborns using the international standards of postnatal growth of premature babies INTERGROWTH-21st to resolve the issue of the feasibility of its adaptation and widespread introduction into neonatological and pediatric practice in the Russian Federation. 4876 children were born at Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology (participant of the international project for the implementation of INTERGROWTH-21st standards in neonatological and pediatric practice) from 15.05.2018 to 26.11.2018. 439 (9%) of them were born premature, of which 376 children (89,3%) with gestational age confirmed by ultrasound were included in the study. There was a detailed file for each child to assess the environment and health of the mother, the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the state of health of the child from birth to discharge from the hospital. 2.1% of children classified by INTERGROWTH-21st as children with intrauterine growth retardation, according to Fenton charts, had normal intrauterine growth. When comparing the postnatal growth at discharge from hospital on the Fenton scale, more children were classified as children with impaired postnatal growth; the discrepancy between INTERGROWTH-21st and Fenton diagrams was 8%. At discharge, 52% of premature babies were exclusively breastfed, 28.8% of premature babies were at mixed feeding.Conclusion. On the one hand, the use of INTERGROWTH-21st scales helps to correct nutrition in case of delay in physical development, and, on the other hand, it reduces the risk of metabolic disorders associated with an aggressive desire to achieve rapid growth of a premature baby.
The identification of the earliest diagnostic markers for infections in newborns remains one of the priorities in neonatology. In our study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic value of presepsin (P-SEP) as a marker for congenital infections in newborn children. The study was prospective in design and took place from January 2020 to February 2021. We enrolled a total of 64 children with a gestational age of 24 to 40 weeks. The study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (Minutes No.12 of 17 November 2016) and the Scientific Council (Minutes No.19 of 29 November 2016) of the V.I. Kulakov NMRC OGP of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Written voluntary consent to the patients’ participation in the study was obtained from their legal representatives. The patients were divided into 2 groups: a group of interest consisting of newborn children with congenital infections (n = 30), and a control group comprising newborns without signs of infection (n = 34). The group of interest included children with congenital pneumonia (n = 25), urinary tract infections (n = 3), and infections specific to the perinatal period, without a focus of infection (n = 2). Gestational age and birth weight were comparable between the groups. No statistically significant differences in CRP levels, neutrophil counts, immature-to-total neutrophil ratios and lactate concentrations on days 1 and 3 of life were found between the two groups. In the group of interest, P-SEP on day 1 of life was significantly higher than in the control group (р = 0.015). Our findings suggested that P-SEP levels ≥ 481 pg/mL could predict a high risk of congenital infections in newborns. The sensitivity and specificity were 91.0% and 60.0% respectively. P-SEP levels determined in capillary blood were similar to those obtained from venous blood samples suggesting that either can be used for P-SEP measurement with equal success. P-SEP levels were shown to decrease by day 3 of life in the children with congenital infections who had been treated with antibiotics.
Here, the possibility of proteomic and metabolomic analysis of the composition of exhaled breath condensate of neonates with respiratory support. The developed method allows non-invasive collecting sufficient amount of the material for identification of disease-specific biomarkers. Samples were collected by using a condensing device that was incorporated into the ventilation system. The collected condensate was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. The isolated substances were identified with a use of databases for proteins and metabolites. As a result, a number of compounds that compose the exhaled breath condensate was determined and can be considered as possible biomarkers of newborn diseases or stage of development.
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