Irrespective of the shorter training time (periods of overload intercalated with resting), the intermittent stimulation regimen was able to produce a similar training of the subpulmonary ventricle compared with the continuous stimulation regarding mass acquisition, cell hypertrophy, and hyperplasia.

Apresentam-se os principais resultados e discussões de estudo de caso desenvolvido em Território Kalunga - construído por descendentes de antigos escravos - sobre a situação e perspectivas do comércio justo e solidário naquela localidade, com base na experiência desenvolvida no empreendimento Kalunga Mercado Justo (KMJ), município de Cavalcante (GO). Dentre os resultados, destacam-se: a) os kalungas encontram-se abaixo da linha da pobreza e alguns abaixo da linha de indigência; b) há a necessidade de serem encontradas alternativas de geração de renda para a sobrevivência comunitária; c) o KMJ é um empreendimento voltado para a economia de mercado e está longe de se constituir numa experiência de comércio justo ou comércio ético e solidário; d) o KMJ proporciona uma alternativa para a comercialização dos produtos kalungas e a relação estabelecida com o empreendimento garante um incremento significativo na renda familiar; e) o desafio para a construção de uma nova forma de organizar a produção, a distribuição e o consumo de bens socialmente produzidos, e o exercício de experiências alternativas pode ser enfrentados pelos kalungas, desde que contem com o apoio de políticas públicas que, mesmo universais, não percam de vista as características singulares do grupo étnico.
A presentation of the main results and discussions of a study case carried out in Kalunga territory (built up by former slaves´descendants) on the situation and prospects of fair trade in that site, based on the experiment developed by the Kalunga Fair Market enterprise (KMJ), in the small town of Cavalcante (GO). Here are some of the results we can point out: a) The Kalungas are below poverty level, being part of them below destitution level; b) It´s necessary to find alternatives to generate income for community survival; c) KMJ is an enterprise focused on market economy and is far from being a fair trade experience or ethical solidary trade; d) KMJ poses an alternative for the commercialization of Kalunga products and the relationship set up by the enterprise provides a significant increase of the family income; e) The challenge for the building-up of a new model to organize production, distribution and consumption of socially produced goods, as well as the exercise of alternative experiments can indeed be faced by the Kalungas, provided they have the support of public policies which, universal as they are, don´t fail to regard the unique features of their ethnic group

Oral intake of 2 L of 0.9% saline results in minimal variations in serum albumin, hemoglobin, and hematocrit when compared to IV infusion of the same volume.

Water management is critical in small islands such as the Azores (Portugal), and the present paper address changes that have occurred in the last decades through national constitutional arrangements and the adoption of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The WFD provided an opportunity to implement integrated river basin planning, whose main results are also discussed, surpassing early approaches mainly focused on complying with European Union sanitation goals and eutrophication control. Therefore, new policies emerged, and take into account exemptions that all water bodies will comply with WFD environmental objectives by 2027 (83.7% in 2015). The main constraints are the result of (1) insufficient funding, (2) lack of empowerment by water authority, and (3) no consideration of the economic dimension.

RBCCV 44205-850 Bandagem ajustável do tronco pulmonar: comparação de dois métodos de hipertrofia aguda do ventrículo subpulmonarAdjustable pulmonary trunk banding: comparison of two methods of acute subpulmonary ventricle hypertrophy Abstract Objective: This study compares ventricular hypertrophy induced by continuous versus intermittent systolic overload of the pulmonary ventricle (RV) of young goats.Methods: Three groups of seven goats were used (control, continuous, and intermittent). Systolic overload was maintained for 96 hours in the continuous group, while the intermittent group suffered four 12-hour periods of systolic overload, alternating with 12-hour resting periods. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluations were performed every day. The animals were then killed for myocardial water content and weight evaluation.Results: Both study groups achieved significant increases in RV mass (p<0.05). However, significant increases of the septum mass were observed only in the Intermittent Group (p<0.05). A greater increase in the RV wall thickness was observed in the Intermittent Group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in RV diastolic volume between the two groups (p= 0.01), with a greater RV dilation in the Continuous Group after 24 hours of continuous overload (p< ASSAD, RS ET AL -Adjustable pulmonary trunk banding: comparison of two methods of acute subpulmonary ventricle hypertrophy Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 21(4): 418-428 Descritores: Ventrículos cardíacos, fisiopatologia. Hipertrofia, fisiopatologia. Hipertrofia ventricular direita. Transposição dos grandes vasos, cirurgia. Procedimentos cirúrgicos cardíacos, métodos. Cabras.ASSAD, RS ET AL -Adjustable pulmonary trunk banding: comparison of two methods of acute subpulmonary ventricle hypertrophy Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 21(4): 418-428 ASSAD, RS ET AL -Adjustable pulmonary trunk banding: comparison of two methods of acute subpulmonary ventricle hypertrophy Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 21(4): 418-428 When the RV mass was indexed to the systolic overload area ( Figure 5) for the Continuous and Intermittent Groups, a more significant increase was observed in the Intermittent Group. This data demonstrated that, for similar variations of systolic overload applied to the RV, the increase in mass was greater in Intermittent Group (p=0.02).ASSAD, RS ET AL -Adjustable pulmonary trunk banding: comparison of two methods of acute subpulmonary ventricle hypertrophy Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 21(4): 418-428

Valente A S, Pochini M C, Pinto A M R, Campagnucci V P, Marinelli I, Gandra S M A, Rivetti L A -Técnica de implante subpeitoral para tratamento de infecção de loja de marcapasso: estudo inicial.

RESUMO.-O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do leucograma e do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, nos períodos The purpose of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte count and the oxidative metabolism of neutrophil in Saanen goats during periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Were used 20 Saanen goats, clinically healthy and serologically negative for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), seven (M7), three (M8) days before the parturition, on the day of birth (M9), three (M10) and seven (M11) days postpartum, for the leukocyte count, and serum for cortisol, estradiol and progesterone determination. From 28 days (M4) before parturition until seven days postpartum (M11) blood samples were collected for evaluation of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). The results showed that at parturition day there were an increase in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum, neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, decrease of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte on the seventh day postpartum. There were not significant alterations in oxidative metabolism of neutrophils during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. It was concluded that parturition causes an elevation in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum determining a neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, with a reduction of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil:lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. Neutrophilic leukocytosis, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte and fibrinogen are detected on the seventh day postpartum. Pregnancy, parturition and the postpartum do not change the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils evaluated by NBT reduction test. de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 20 fêmeas nulíparas da raça Saanen, clinicamente sadias por venipunção jugular aos 49 (M1), 42 (M2),

Objective The goal of the present study was to compare the myocardial protection obtained with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegic solution (Custodiol ® ) and with intermittent hypothermic blood solution. Methods Two homogenous groups of 25 children with acyanotic congenital heart disease who underwent total correction with mean aortic clamping time of 60 minutes were evaluated in this randomized study. Troponin and creatine kinase-MB curves, vasoactive-inotropic score, and left ventricular function were obtained by echocardiogram in each group. The values were correlated and presented through graphs and tables after adequate statistical treatment. Results It was observed that values of all the studied variables varied over time, but there was no difference between the groups. Conclusion We conclude that in patients with acyanotic congenital cardiopathies submitted to total surgical correction, mean aortic clamping time around one hour, and cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia, the HTK crystalloid cardioplegic solution offers the same myocardial protection as the cold-blood hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution analyzed, according to the variables considered in our study model.